Blood thinners are medications prescribed to manage various cardiovascular conditions. A common concern for those on these medications is the increased likelihood of nosebleeds. This article explains how these medications affect the body’s clotting ability and provides practical guidance on managing nosebleeds when they occur.
How Blood Thinners Work
Blood thinners prevent harmful blood clots or stop existing clots from growing larger. They interfere with the body’s natural clotting process, rather than literally “thinning” the blood. There are two main types: anticoagulants, which target clotting factors, and antiplatelets, which prevent platelets from clumping together. Both types help ensure smoother blood flow, reducing the risk of conditions like heart attacks and strokes. However, by hindering the body’s ability to form clots, these medications inherently increase the risk of bleeding.
The Link Between Blood Thinners and Nosebleeds
Blood thinners make nosebleeds more common and potentially more challenging to stop. The nasal lining contains a rich network of delicate blood vessels, especially in the nasal septum, which are naturally prone to bleeding due to their extensive blood supply. When blood thinners reduce the blood’s ability to clot, even minor trauma or irritation to this sensitive lining can trigger a nosebleed. Everyday actions like nose-picking, forceful nose-blowing, or dry air can initiate bleeding that might otherwise be easily controlled. The reduced clotting function can then prolong the bleeding, making it appear heavier or last longer than usual.
What To Do During a Nosebleed
Remaining calm is important when experiencing a nosebleed, especially if you are on blood thinners. Sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down the back of your throat, which can cause nausea or choking. If blood enters your mouth, spit it out rather than swallowing it.
Firmly pinch the soft part of your nose, just above the nostrils and below the bony bridge. Apply continuous pressure for at least 10 to 15 minutes, using a clock to monitor the time without releasing the pressure. This direct pressure helps to compress the bleeding blood vessels in the nasal septum. Applying an ice pack to the bridge of your nose or the back of your neck can also help constrict blood vessels and slow the bleeding.
When to Contact a Doctor
Most nosebleeds can be managed at home, but certain situations warrant immediate medical attention, especially for individuals on blood thinners. Seek emergency care if a nosebleed continues for longer than 20 to 30 minutes despite applying continuous pressure. If the bleeding is unusually heavy, appears to be coming from the back of the throat, or involves a large amount of blood, professional help is needed. Other warning signs include feeling weak, dizzy, or faint, experiencing difficulty breathing, or if the nosebleed occurs after a head injury.
Never adjust your blood thinner medication dosage or stop taking it without consulting your healthcare provider, even if you experience frequent nosebleeds. Your doctor can assess the situation and determine the appropriate course of action.