Black vultures (Coragyps atratus) are common across the Americas, from the southeastern United States to South America. Easily recognized by their dark, glossy black plumage and featherless, grayish-black heads and necks. With a wingspan of about 1.5 meters, black vultures play a significant role as natural clean-up crews. They consume carrion, preventing disease spread and recycling nutrients.
Black Vulture Behavior
Black vultures are primarily scavengers, feeding mainly on carrion. They are social, often roosting and feeding in large groups, sometimes alongside turkey vultures. Unlike turkey vultures, which rely heavily on their sense of smell, black vultures primarily locate food by sight, frequently observing other scavengers to find carcasses. When agitated or feeding, their vocalizations are limited to grunts or low hisses. They are generally timid around humans and do not typically attack healthy, live animals or people.
Instances of Perceived Threat
While black vultures primarily feed on carrion, they can opportunistically target vulnerable live prey. This may include newborn livestock such as calves, lambs, and piglets, or sick animals. These instances are distinct from attacks on healthy adult humans and often occur when prey is defenseless or a mother cannot provide adequate protection.
Black vultures also cause property damage, which can be perceived as aggressive behavior. They may peck at and tear rubber or vinyl materials on vehicles (e.g., windshield wipers, sunroof seals, tire rubber) and buildings (e.g., roof shingles, window caulking, vent seals). This behavior is often attributed to curiosity, a lack of food sources, or an attraction to certain materials, rather than malicious intent or direct aggression toward people. Their acidic droppings can also accumulate and cause damage to structures.
Deterring Unwanted Interactions
To prevent interactions with black vultures, especially when they cause property damage or gather in undesirable areas, several non-harmful deterrence methods are available. Removing potential food sources like uncovered trash or animal carcasses can make an area less appealing. Visual deterrents like scarecrows, reflective tape, or streamers are often more effective when moved periodically to prevent the birds from becoming accustomed. Auditory deterrents, such as noisemakers or air horns, can harass and scare birds away. Modifying habitats by removing dead trees or preferred roosting sites can discourage large congregations.
Black vultures are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, making it unlawful to harm them without a federal permit. For persistent issues, contacting local wildlife authorities or USDA Wildlife Services is advisable, as they can provide guidance and, if necessary, assist with depredation permits.