“Black snake” is a common term that refers to several species of snakes. These snakes, often characterized by their dark coloration, are frequently encountered in various habitats and can sometimes cause alarm. A common question is whether they bite humans and if such encounters pose a danger. Understanding the behavior and characteristics of these snakes can alleviate concerns and promote coexistence.
The Truth About Black Snake Bites
Black snakes are capable of biting humans, but these incidents are typically defensive rather than aggressive. While a bite can be startling and may cause minor pain, the majority of black snakes found in North America are non-venomous.
A bite from a non-venomous black snake usually results in small puncture marks or superficial scratches. The teeth are sharp but generally do not create deep wounds. Although the bite may draw some blood, it rarely requires extensive medical intervention beyond proper wound care. The primary concern following such a bite is the risk of secondary infection, similar to any minor skin wound.
Reasons Black Snakes Bite
Black snakes are not aggressive towards humans and prefer to avoid confrontation. Bites occur as a defensive reaction when a snake feels threatened, cornered, or is handled. Their primary instinct is to flee from perceived danger, using their agility and speed. If escape is not possible, they may resort to defensive displays such as hissing, coiling, or vibrating their tails to mimic rattlesnakes before striking.
Accidental encounters, such as stepping on a snake or inadvertently disturbing its hiding spot, can provoke a bite. Attempting to handle or capture a black snake significantly increases the likelihood of being bitten. These snakes bite to protect themselves, not to hunt or attack humans.
Identifying Common Black Snakes
The term “black snake” refers to several species, each with distinct features. The Eastern Rat Snake (formerly Black Rat Snake) is a large, non-venomous constrictor found across the Eastern and Central United States. They reach lengths of 3.5 to 7 feet, have shiny black scales, and often display a white chin and throat, with a light-colored or checkerboard belly. Eastern Rat Snakes are excellent climbers and are often found around buildings hunting rodents.
Another common species is the Black Racer. These non-venomous snakes are known for their speed and grow between 3 and 6 feet long. They have a sleek, uniform black body, a white chin and throat, and smooth scales. Unlike Eastern Rat Snakes, Black Racers have a rounder body shape and are found in various open habitats like fields and woodlands.
The Eastern Indigo Snake is the longest native snake in the United States, reaching up to 8.5 feet. It is non-venomous and has iridescent bluish-black scales that can appear purple in sunlight. Some individuals may have reddish-orange or cream coloration on their chin, cheeks, or throat. Eastern Indigo Snakes are found in the southeastern U.S. and are a protected species.
Preventing Bites and What to Do
Preventing black snake bites involves respecting their space and being aware of their habitats. Maintaining a tidy yard by regularly mowing grass, removing brush piles, and storing firewood off the ground reduces attractive hiding spots for snakes. When walking in areas with tall grass or dense vegetation, wearing appropriate footwear like boots and long pants provide protection. Also, use a long stick to poke ahead in unseen areas to alert hidden snakes.
If a bite from a non-venomous black snake occurs, first aid involves cleaning the wound with soap and water. Applying an antiseptic and covering the area with a clean bandage is recommended. Monitor the bite site for signs of infection, such as increased pain, swelling, redness, or pus. If any of these signs develop, or if concerned, seek medical attention.