Moles are common skin growths that appear when pigment-producing cells, called melanocytes, cluster together rather than spreading evenly throughout the skin. These growths can range in color from an individual’s natural skin tone to brown or black. While most moles are benign and harmless, it is important to understand their characteristics and monitor for any changes.
Moles and Melanin in Darker Skin
Everyone, including Black people, develops moles because all individuals possess melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. In darker skin, melanocytes produce more melanin, which gives skin its color. While this increased melanin offers some natural protection against sun damage, it does not prevent mole formation or skin cancer development.
Appearance and Common Locations on Black Skin
Moles on darker skin can present in various shades, often appearing as dark brown or black, though they can also be blue or grey. While moles can develop anywhere on the body, certain locations are particularly relevant for individuals with darker skin tones and may be less commonly checked. These include areas like the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and nail beds. Moles can also appear on mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth or on genital areas. These sites are important to examine because melanomas in people with darker skin frequently occur in these less-exposed areas.
Identifying Concerning Moles
Recognizing potentially concerning moles is crucial for early detection of melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. The “ABCDE” rule is a guide for identifying suspicious moles: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter, and Evolution.
Asymmetrical moles have halves that do not match, while irregular borders may appear notched or blurred. Color variation within a mole, including shades of brown, black, red, white, or blue, can be a warning sign. A diameter larger than 6 millimeters, roughly the size of a pencil eraser, also warrants attention. Any evolution or change in a mole’s size, shape, color, or if it starts to bleed or itch, should prompt medical evaluation.
For darker skin tones, there are specific considerations. Melanomas can sometimes be amelanotic, meaning they lack pigment and may appear pink, red, or skin-colored, making them harder to identify using color cues. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), the most common type of melanoma in people with darker skin, often develops on the palms, soles, or under the nails. It may present as a dark spot or streak that spreads, or a new growth under a nail. Changes in existing moles or the appearance of new, unusual growths in these less obvious locations require professional assessment.
Tips for Skin Self-Checks
Regular self-examination of your skin is an effective way to monitor moles for changes. Conduct these checks monthly in a well-lit room using a full-length mirror and a handheld mirror for hard-to-see areas. Systematically examine your entire body, including often overlooked areas like the scalp, neck, and behind the ears. Pay particular attention to the palms, soles, between fingers and toes, and under nails. Note any new moles or changes in existing ones, and consult a healthcare provider if you have concerns. Additionally, consistent sun protection, including sunscreen use, is recommended for all skin types, as sun exposure can contribute to skin cancer risk.