Black carpenter ants, scientifically known as Camponotus pennsylvanicus, are a common presence in and around human dwellings across the eastern half of the United States and eastern Canada. These ants are among the largest ant species found in North America. Many people wonder if these large ants bite, and the direct answer is yes, black carpenter ants can bite. However, their bites typically occur as a defensive measure rather than an act of aggression. While noticeable, their bites are generally not considered dangerous to humans.
Why and How Black Carpenter Ants Bite
Black carpenter ants are not inherently aggressive insects. They will typically only bite if they feel provoked, threatened, or if their nest is disturbed. For instance, handling one directly or inadvertently disturbing a nest can trigger a defensive bite.
When a black carpenter ant bites, it uses its strong mandibles, which are powerful jaws located on either side of its head. These mandibles are primarily used for excavating wood and can deliver a sharp pinch that may break the skin. Beyond the initial pinch, these ants can also spray formic acid into the wound. This acid causes a stinging or burning sensation, intensifying the discomfort. The typical sensation from a black carpenter ant bite is often described as a sharp pinch followed by a prolonged burning or irritating feeling, especially if formic acid is involved.
What a Bite Looks Like and How to Treat It
A black carpenter ant bite typically appears as a small, red, raised bump or welt on the skin. There might be a central red spot where the ant’s mandibles broke the skin. The redness and swelling around the bite are usually localized and temporary, often resembling a pea-sized blemish.
For immediate first aid, it is important to wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water to clean the wound and help prevent infection. Applying a cold compress or an ice pack wrapped in cloth to the bite can help reduce swelling and numb any discomfort. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams, such as hydrocortisone, or oral antihistamines can also be used to alleviate itching and inflammation.
While black carpenter ant bites are generally not serious, there are instances when medical attention might be necessary. Seek professional medical advice if you experience signs of an allergic reaction or infection.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Difficulty breathing
Excessive swelling beyond the bite area
Rapid heart rate
Flu-like symptoms
Increasing redness, warmth, pus, or persistent pain at the bite site
Distinguishing Black Carpenter Ants
Identifying black carpenter ants, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, can help determine if the ant you encountered is indeed this species. These ants are notable for their size, with workers typically ranging from 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, and queens being even larger, up to 3/4 inch. Their coloration is generally dull black, and their abdomens may have very fine whitish or yellowish hairs.
A distinct physical characteristic of carpenter ants is their evenly rounded, arched thorax when viewed from the side. They also possess a single node, or segment, between their thorax and abdomen. Unlike some other ant species, their antennae are elbowed, meaning they have a distinct bend. Black carpenter ants excavate wood to create their nests, but they do not consume it like termites do. This nesting habit, often found in moist or decaying wood, can serve as a secondary identifier for their presence.