Birds readily consume hemp seeds, which are a common ingredient in commercial bird feed mixes. These small, nutrient-dense seeds are derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, specifically cultivated for industrial use. They provide a significant dietary boost for many avian species, offering a valuable source of energy and nourishment. Confusion sometimes surrounds their safety due to their botanical origin, but the industrial variety is distinct from plants grown for other purposes.
Are Hemp Seeds Safe for Birds to Consume?
Commercially available hemp seeds intended for avian consumption are safe and non-intoxicating for birds. The primary concern stems from the seeds’ connection to the cannabis plant and the presence of the psychoactive compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, the industrial hemp used for food and feed is legally defined by its extremely low THC content.
Industrial hemp must contain no more than 0.3% THC concentration on a dry weight basis to be legally classified as hemp, a standard established by federal law, such as the 2018 Farm Bill in the United States. This negligible amount ensures the seeds pose no psychoactive risk or harm to birds. The legal distinction between industrial hemp and marijuana means that purchasing these seeds for feeding is fully permissible.
The seeds themselves contain only trace amounts of the compound. They are sometimes sterilized before being included in birdseed mixes to prevent germination. You can confidently include these seeds in a feeder, knowing they provide nutritional benefits without psychoactive effects. The widespread use of hemp in bird feed for decades confirms its safety profile.
Key Nutritional Components
Hemp seeds provide an exceptional nutritional profile, making them a beneficial addition to a bird’s diet. They are a powerhouse of energy because their composition includes a high percentage of healthy fats and complete protein. The seeds typically contain about 30% fat and 20–25% protein, making them denser in these macronutrients than many common seeds like millet or corn.
The protein within hemp is a complete protein source, offering all nine essential amino acids necessary for avian health. This high-quality protein is valuable for feather growth, muscle maintenance, and supporting the energy demands of breeding or migration. The fat content is rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, often present in a ratio considered near-optimal for reducing inflammation and supporting immune function.
Beyond the macronutrients, hemp seeds are a source of several micronutrients that support vitality. They provide minerals such as magnesium, iron, and zinc, which are important for metabolic processes and bone health. This combination of nutrients contributes to shinier plumage and sustained energy, especially during periods of high activity or cold weather.
Best Ways to Serve Hemp Seeds
Providing hemp seeds can be done in a few ways, depending on the type of seed purchased and the species of bird you wish to attract. Hemp seeds are available as whole (unhulled) seeds, which retain their fibrous outer shell, or as hulled seeds, often called hemp hearts. Hulled hemp seeds are generally preferred for smaller birds like finches and sparrows, as the absence of the shell makes them easier to digest.
Whole hemp seeds are nutritious but better suited for larger birds that can crack the shells, such as doves or parrots. To maximize consumption and minimize waste, incorporate hemp seeds into an existing mix with other favorites like black oil sunflower seeds or millet. Serving them on platform feeders or ground trays is best, as the small, oily seeds can clog or fall out of standard tube feeders. Proper storage is necessary due to their high fat content; they should be kept in an airtight container in a cool, dry location to prevent spoilage. Species highly attracted to hemp seeds include finches, blue tits, nuthatches, and sparrows.