Birds commonly host various mite species, tiny arachnids living on their feathers and skin. This natural occurrence often concerns individuals with bird feeders, backyard chickens, or wild bird nests near their homes. Understanding these mites can help manage potential interactions with humans and pets.
Common Bird Mite Species
Two common bird mite species are the Northern Fowl Mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) and the Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), also known as the chicken mite. The Northern Fowl Mite is a small ectoparasite, typically measuring 0.6 to 1 millimeter long, and spends its entire life cycle on its bird host, feeding on blood. These mites are often found on domestic poultry, pigeons, starlings, and sparrows. The Red Mite, also about 1 millimeter in length, primarily feeds at night and hides in cracks, crevices, and nests during the day. While both mites are grayish-white, they can appear reddish-brown or black after consuming a blood meal.
Effects of Mites on Birds, People, and Pets
Bird mites can significantly affect their avian hosts, leading to various symptoms. Infested birds may experience intense irritation, excessive scratching, and restlessness. This can result in feather loss, skin lesions, and scabbing. In severe infestations, birds might show signs of anemia, lethargy, and a weakened immune system.
When primary bird hosts are no longer available, such as after nests are abandoned, bird mites may seek new hosts, including humans and household pets. While bird mites can bite humans and pets, they cannot survive or reproduce on mammalian blood. Their bites typically manifest as small, itchy red bumps, sometimes accompanied by a crawling sensation on the skin. These bites are a nuisance and do not transmit diseases. The mites will die within a few weeks if they do not find a bird host.
Identifying and Addressing Mite Problems
Recognizing a bird mite infestation often begins with observing unexplained bites on humans, especially after a bird’s nest has been disturbed or abandoned. Bird mites are tiny, making them difficult to see, though they may appear as moving specks or “walking pepper flakes” on surfaces. On birds, signs can include constant scratching, agitation, and visible mites or black-crusted skin and feathers.
To prevent infestations, discourage birds from nesting directly on or inside homes, particularly near entry points like windows, attics, or chimneys. Sealing cracks and crevices can help block potential entryways for mites. Maintaining good hygiene around bird feeders and coops can also reduce the likelihood of mites establishing populations.
Addressing an active mite problem involves several steps. For birds, veterinary consultation is recommended for treatment. In homes, thorough cleaning is essential, including vacuuming carpets and furniture, and washing bedding and curtains. Removing abandoned bird nests is a primary step as it eliminates the source of the mites. For severe or persistent infestations, consulting a professional pest control service may be necessary to ensure complete eradication.