Moles are common skin growths that can appear anywhere on the body, from birth or later in life. These pigmented spots are formed by clusters of melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin color. Many individuals have multiple moles, and it is common to wonder if they can grow or change over time. This article explores the nature of benign moles, their normal growth patterns, and how to identify changes that may warrant medical attention.
Understanding Benign Moles
A benign mole, also known as a nevus, is a non-cancerous skin growth. These moles are typically symmetrical, meaning both halves largely match. They usually have distinct, smooth borders and a uniform color, often appearing in shades of pink, tan, or brown. Benign moles are generally small, commonly less than 6 millimeters in diameter, roughly the size of a pencil eraser.
While most moles are harmless, they can vary in appearance. Some may be flat, others slightly raised, and some can even have hair growing from them. They can be present at birth (congenital nevi) or develop throughout life (acquired moles). Genetics and sun exposure can influence the number of moles an individual has.
Normal Growth Patterns of Benign Moles
Benign moles can grow, which is often a normal part of their development. Moles present from birth may grow proportionally with a child’s overall body growth. As individuals progress through childhood and adolescence, existing moles commonly increase in size slowly and symmetrically.
Hormonal fluctuations can also influence mole changes. During periods like puberty or pregnancy, moles may darken or become slightly larger. Over many years, a benign mole might become more raised or change its shade, sometimes lightening or becoming flesh-colored in older age. These changes are typically gradual, distinguishing them from rapid or uneven growth patterns.
Recognizing Concerning Mole Changes
While some mole changes are normal, others can signal a need for medical evaluation, potentially indicating an atypical mole or melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Dermatologists use the “ABCDE” guide to identify concerning features.
Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other half.
Border irregularity: The edges of the mole are ragged, notched, or blurred.
Color variation: A mole with multiple shades of brown, black, or areas of white, red, or blue should be examined.
Diameter: Melanomas are often larger than 6 millimeters, though smaller ones can occur.
Evolving: Any change in a mole’s size, shape, color, or elevation, or the development of new symptoms such as bleeding, itching, or tenderness.
Rapid or unexplained changes in a mole should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Regular self-skin checks and professional dermatological examinations are recommended to monitor for these changes.