Black bears are not considered a resident species in Illinois, meaning they do not have established breeding populations. While occasional sightings occur, these instances are rare and typically involve transient individuals, often young males exploring new territories from neighboring states.
Understanding Bear Presence in Illinois
Black bears (Ursus americanus) were once common throughout Illinois but were eliminated by the mid-1800s, specifically around 1865-1870. This extirpation was primarily due to habitat loss from agricultural expansion, unregulated hunting, and fear among settlers. Today, sightings almost exclusively involve individuals dispersing from established populations in adjacent states.
These transient bears commonly originate from Wisconsin and Missouri, where healthy populations exist. Young male bears travel significant distances, sometimes up to 100 miles, in search of new territories or mates. This natural dispersal accounts for most sightings in Illinois, as these animals are simply passing through.
Illinois’ environment is not ideal for supporting a permanent, breeding bear population due to extensive habitat fragmentation and high human density. While southern Illinois and some northwestern areas possess suitable forested patches, they are generally insufficient for widespread residency. The limited range of female bears, who do not venture more than 10 miles from their birth areas, further restricts the establishment of breeding groups.
Responding to Bear Sightings and Official Guidelines
If you encounter a black bear, remain calm and avoid approaching the animal. Do not run; instead, stand your ground, appear as large as possible, and slowly back away while making noise to ensure the bear is aware of your presence. Securing potential food sources around your property, such as bird feeders, barbecue grills, garbage, and pet food, can help prevent bears from lingering in residential areas.
Reporting bear sightings to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) is important for monitoring their movements and dispersal patterns. The IDNR follows a policy of non-intervention for transient bears unless there is a direct threat to public safety or property. Black bears have been protected by the Illinois Wildlife Code since 2015, meaning they cannot be hunted, killed, or harassed unless there is an imminent threat.
The IDNR views relocation or euthanasia as last resorts, only considered if a bear poses a significant risk or is in a highly populated area. Their primary advice emphasizes public safety through responsible behavior and minimizing attractants.