Bartholin cysts are a common gynecological condition, often presenting as a small lump near the vaginal opening. Many have questions about symptoms, especially regarding bleeding. This article will explore the nature of Bartholin cysts and clarify when bleeding might occur, along with its implications.
Understanding Bartholin Cysts
The Bartholin glands are two pea-sized glands located on either side of the vaginal opening. These glands secrete a fluid that helps lubricate the vagina, especially during sexual arousal. Each gland has a small duct through which this fluid travels to the vaginal surface.
A Bartholin cyst forms when one of these ducts becomes blocked, causing fluid to accumulate. These cysts can vary in size, from as small as a pea to as large as a golf ball. A small Bartholin cyst may not cause any symptoms and is often discovered during a routine medical examination. If it grows larger, it can lead to a painless lump, though some experience discomfort or pain, especially when sitting, walking, or during sexual activity.
Addressing Bleeding Concerns
Uncomplicated Bartholin cysts do not bleed. The fluid inside a standard cyst is clear mucus. If bleeding occurs, it is not from the cyst itself but may indicate other factors.
Minor bleeding or spotting can occur from the rupture of an irritated cyst. While a ruptured cyst releases fluid, not significant blood, the surrounding delicate tissues can become irritated or traumatized, leading to slight bleeding. Infection, which can transform a cyst into a painful abscess, can also result in some discharge that appears bloody, though this is not heavy bleeding. This discharge can be thick and range in color, including brown or red.
Rarely, a hemorrhagic Bartholin cyst can occur, where bright-red blood and clots are present within the cyst. This is an unusual event, sometimes seen in individuals using antiplatelet medications. Significant or unexplained bleeding should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a doctor for any concerns regarding a Bartholin cyst, particularly if bleeding is present. Unexplained bleeding, especially if it is more than just spotting, persistent, or heavy, warrants prompt medical evaluation.
Consult a doctor also if there are signs of infection, such as fever, chills, increasing redness, severe pain, or pus drainage from the cyst. Other reasons to consult a healthcare provider include a rapid increase in cyst size, discomfort that interferes with daily activities like walking or sitting, or if the cyst frequently recurs. For individuals over 40, any new lump near the vaginal opening should be checked by a doctor due to a rare, more serious possibility.