Armadillos generally do not bite humans, and such incidents are rare. A bite typically occurs only when the animal feels threatened, is provoked, or is handled directly. These shy creatures prefer to avoid confrontation, fleeing rather than engaging aggressively.
Understanding Armadillo Behavior
When they encounter a perceived threat, their usual response involves quickly retreating into a burrow or darting into dense vegetation. The nine-banded armadillo, common in the United States, might also jump straight up into the air as a startling defense mechanism. Their powerful claws are primarily used for digging burrows and foraging for insects, not for attacking. While armadillos possess small, peg-like teeth, these are adapted for grinding insects and soft plant matter, rather than for biting larger animals.
Potential Health Concerns
While armadillo bites are infrequent, armadillos can carry pathogens that pose health risks to humans. A significant concern is Mycobacterium leprae, the bacteria responsible for Hansen’s disease. Armadillos are among the few animals, besides humans, that can naturally harbor this bacteria due to their unusually low body temperature. Transmission occurs through direct contact with an infected armadillo, such as handling or consuming improperly cooked meat. Cases of human leprosy in the southern United States have been linked to armadillos, with the bacteria entering through cuts or scrapes on the skin.
Another health concern is Salmonella bacteria, which armadillos can carry and transmit through their feces. Contact with contaminated soil or water, or direct handling can lead to human infection. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Although less common, armadillos can also carry other pathogens like Leptospirosis, Histoplasmosis, and Tapeworms, primarily transmitted through contact with their feces, and very rarely, rabies.
Safe Interaction Practices
To minimize risks, observe armadillos from a safe distance and never attempt to handle or feed them. Direct contact with these wild animals should always be avoided.
To deter armadillos from your property, secure outdoor pet food and garbage cans. Removing brush piles and trimming overgrown landscaping reduces hiding spots and food sources. Installing a sturdy fence that extends 12 to 18 inches underground and is about 3 feet high can also deter them.
Should an armadillo bite or scratch occur, immediately clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water, then apply an antiseptic. Seek medical attention promptly for a professional assessment. Inform healthcare providers about the armadillo contact, especially in regions where armadillos are known to carry diseases like leprosy.