All cats, from the smallest domestic housecat to the largest wild feline, possess prominent canine teeth, often called fangs. These specialized teeth are a fundamental part of their dental anatomy, playing a crucial role in their survival and daily activities.
The Universal Presence of Fangs in Cats
All cat species, whether household companions or wild predators, share a consistent dental structure. The elongated canine teeth, commonly called fangs, are present in all healthy cats from kittenhood through adulthood. Kittens develop 26 deciduous “baby” teeth, including canines, which are later replaced by 30 permanent adult teeth. An adult cat’s dental formula typically includes 12 incisors, 4 canines, 10 premolars, and 4 molars.
The four canine teeth, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, are prominent. They are single-rooted and deeply embedded in the bone, supported by strong ligaments. While incisors are small and used for grooming, and premolars and molars for shearing, canines are distinct in function and appearance. Their absence typically indicates an anomaly, injury, or disease.
Purpose of Fangs in Feline Life
Feline canine teeth are adapted for a cat’s carnivorous lifestyle, serving multiple functions. Their sharp, pointed nature allows them to grasp and hold prey with precision. Cats use these teeth to deliver a swift, lethal bite, often targeting the neck or spine to sever the spinal cord, leading to paralysis and quick dispatch.
Beyond hunting, canines are important for tearing meat. Their design enables cats to efficiently process food they cannot chew like humans. These teeth also serve as a defense mechanism. When threatened, cats may bare their canines as a warning to deter predators or rivals. Canines are also used in social interactions, such as establishing dominance or in play.
Caring for Your Cat’s Fangs
Maintaining the health of a cat’s canine teeth is important for their overall well-being. Common dental issues include fractures, gum disease, and tartar buildup. Fractures can occur from trauma, such as fights or chewing on hard objects, and can be very painful, potentially exposing the tooth’s pulp and leading to infection. Gum disease, starting as gingivitis, involves inflammation of the gums due to plaque and tartar, and can progress to periodontitis, which may result in tooth loss.
Regular veterinary check-ups are important for monitoring dental health. Professional dental cleanings, performed under anesthesia, are often necessary to remove hardened tartar and address underlying issues. At-home dental care, such as daily brushing with cat-specific toothpaste and a soft-bristle brush, can significantly reduce plaque and tartar. VOHC-approved dental diets and treats also help manage plaque buildup. If a cat shows signs of dental discomfort, such as drooling, difficulty eating, or pawing at the mouth, prompt veterinary attention is recommended.