Diclofenac is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), prescribed to manage pain, swelling, and inflammation associated with conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and acute migraines. An overdose occurs when an individual consumes more than the recommended or prescribed amount of this medication. While a mild overdose may not always lead to severe issues, ingesting a large quantity can result in serious health complications.
Recognizing Overdose Symptoms
Diclofenac overdose can manifest through various symptoms affecting multiple body systems. Gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently observed, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. More serious gastrointestinal effects can involve internal bleeding in the stomach and intestines, sometimes indicated by vomiting blood or dark, tarry stools.
Central nervous system effects may present as dizziness, drowsiness, headache, or blurred vision. In more severe cases, individuals might experience agitation, confusion, delirium, unsteadiness, seizures, or a decreased level of consciousness.
Cardiovascular symptoms can include changes in blood pressure (high or low), an increased heart rate, and edema. Renal system involvement can lead to little or no urine output, signaling potential kidney damage. Respiratory symptoms, such as wheezing or difficulty breathing, may also occur. Other possible signs include ringing in the ears and skin rashes.
Immediate Steps to Take
If a diclofenac overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical assistance. Contact a local emergency number, such as 911, or the national toll-free Poison Help hotline at 1-800-222-1222 in the United States. These services connect individuals to poison control experts who provide specific, time-sensitive instructions. Avoid attempting to induce vomiting unless explicitly instructed by a medical professional or poison control, as this could worsen the situation.
When speaking with emergency services or poison control, have specific information readily available:
- The person’s age, approximate weight, and current medical condition.
- The exact name of the product, its ingredients, and strength, if known.
- The estimated time the diclofenac was swallowed.
- The approximate amount taken.
- If the medication was prescribed for the individual.
Medical Interventions
Upon arrival at a medical facility, healthcare professionals will implement various interventions to manage a diclofenac overdose, primarily focusing on supportive care. Initial stabilization involves ensuring the person’s airway, breathing, and circulation are maintained.
To reduce further absorption of the drug, activated charcoal may be administered. Activated charcoal works by binding to diclofenac in the stomach and intestines, preventing it from entering the bloodstream. Gastric lavage, a procedure to wash out stomach contents, may be considered in cases of massive, recent ingestions, especially if the person’s airway is protected. However, its use has become less common due to concerns about efficacy and potential complications.
Medical staff will also provide intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and support organ function. Treatment for specific symptoms and complications is provided, including medications to manage stomach pain, inflammation, bleeding, or breathing difficulties. For severe kidney damage, dialysis may be used to help restore kidney function. While there is no specific antidote for diclofenac toxicity, medical interventions aim to manage symptoms, prevent further harm, and support the body’s natural processes of eliminating the drug.
Preventing Accidental Overdose
Preventing accidental diclofenac overdose involves several practical measures to ensure safe medication use. Always store diclofenac and all other medications in a secure location out of the reach and sight of children. Medications should be kept in their original containers with child-resistant caps firmly locked after each use.
Carefully read and strictly follow the dosage instructions provided on the medication label and by a healthcare provider. Never exceed the recommended dose, even if pain persists, as this increases the risk of adverse effects.
Avoid taking diclofenac concurrently with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as this can heighten the risk of side effects such as kidney injury and stomach bleeding, without providing additional pain relief. Always consult with a doctor or pharmacist about all medications, supplements, and even certain foods or beverages being consumed, to identify and avoid potential drug interactions.