A denture ulcer is a painful sore that forms in the mouth where dentures contact oral tissues. These lesions commonly develop under or around the denture base.
Identifying Denture Ulcers
Denture ulcers appear as red, inflamed areas on the gums, inner cheeks, or tongue. They may also present as raw or open sores resembling small, crater-like lesions. The affected tissue may also appear swollen or puffy.
Individuals experiencing a denture ulcer report localized pain or discomfort, especially when eating or speaking. A burning sensation or tenderness to the touch in the affected area can also be present. Inspecting the mouth by carefully removing dentures and examining the underlying tissues can help identify these signs.
Common Causes of Denture Ulcers
Ill-fitting dentures are a common cause of ulcer formation, whether they are too loose and slide, or too tight, creating excessive pressure points on the soft tissues. Over time, the gums and jawbone can change shape, causing previously well-fitting dentures to become unstable and rub against the gums.
Prolonged denture wear, particularly sleeping with dentures in, can prevent oral tissues from resting and recovering, increasing irritation. Poor denture hygiene allows for the accumulation of food particles, bacteria, and fungi, leading to infections like candidiasis (denture stomatitis). This can cause swelling, tenderness, and discoloration of mouth tissues, potentially leading to sores.
Trauma from sharp edges on dentures, rough food particles trapped underneath, or even accidental biting can also cause abrasions that develop into ulcers. Underlying systemic health issues such as a weakened immune system, nutritional deficiencies, or certain medications, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, can also make individuals more susceptible to mouth ulcers.
Relief and Treatment for Denture Ulcers
Immediate relief for denture ulcers is often found by removing dentures for several hours each day, allowing irritated tissue to rest and heal. Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water multiple times a day can help reduce inflammation and keep the area clean. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage discomfort.
Consuming soft foods can prevent further irritation to the sore areas. For persistent or severe ulcers, professional intervention is necessary. A dentist can adjust or reline the dentures to ensure a proper fit and even distribution of pressure, which often resolves the issue. If an infection is present, a dentist may prescribe specific medications like antifungal or antibiotic rinses.
Preventing Denture Ulcers
Maintaining proper denture cleaning and oral hygiene routines is an effective preventive measure. Daily brushing of dentures with a soft-bristled brush and soaking them in a denture-cleansing solution helps remove debris and harmful microorganisms. This routine prevents the buildup of plaque and bacteria that can irritate gums and lead to infections.
Consistent removal of dentures for several hours each day, ideally overnight, allows gum tissues to rest and receive adequate blood flow. This practice reduces continuous pressure and friction, promoting tissue health. Regular dental check-ups are also important to ensure dentures continue to fit correctly as the mouth changes over time, allowing for prompt adjustments or relining if needed.
Maintaining good oral hygiene for any remaining natural teeth and gums, including brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and flossing, contributes to overall oral health. A balanced diet supports general health and can help maintain the integrity of oral tissues, reducing susceptibility to ulcers. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water also helps keep the mouth moist and reduces irritation.
When to Consult a Dentist
It is advisable to consult a dentist if a denture ulcer does not show signs of healing within 7 to 10 days. Ulcers that are growing in size or are accompanied by severe pain, making eating or speaking difficult, warrant professional attention.
Signs of infection, such as pus, increased swelling, or fever, indicate a need for immediate dental evaluation. Any suspicious changes in the oral tissues, including persistent redness, lumps, or bleeding, should be examined by a dental professional. Persistent oral sores could indicate more serious underlying conditions, including oral cancer, requiring timely diagnosis and treatment.