The deep transverse perineal muscle is a component of the pelvic floor. Understanding its contribution to bodily processes offers valuable insight into pelvic health.
Locating the Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle
The deep transverse perineal muscle is situated within the perineum, specifically in the deep perineal pouch of the urogenital triangle. This space is located below the pelvic diaphragm and superior to the perineal membrane. The muscle originates from the inner surface of the ischial rami.
The muscle fibers extend medially towards the midline, where they interlace with the corresponding muscle from the opposite side. This connection occurs at the perineal body. The deep transverse perineal muscle lies in the same plane as the external urethral sphincter.
Core Functions of the Muscle
The deep transverse perineal muscle performs several roles related to pelvic organ support and continence. Its primary action is stabilizing the perineal body, a central anchor for various pelvic floor muscles. This stabilization contributes to the structural integrity of the pelvic floor, supporting the bladder, rectum, and other pelvic structures.
This muscle also contributes to maintaining urinary and fecal continence. By contracting, it helps constrict the urethra, controlling urine flow. In males, it also aids in the expulsion of semen, while in both sexes, it helps expel the last drops of urine. The muscle also supports the vaginal walls, particularly during childbirth, facilitating the passage of the baby.
Recognizing Muscle Weakness or Dysfunction
Weakness or dysfunction of the deep transverse perineal muscle can manifest through various symptoms impacting bladder, bowel, and sexual function. One common sign is urinary incontinence, which can involve leaking urine when coughing, sneezing, laughing, or during physical activity. Difficulty reaching the toilet in time or involuntary loss of urine are also indicators.
The muscle’s compromised function can also contribute to pelvic organ prolapse, a condition where internal organs like the bladder or uterus descend into the vagina. This may present as a distinct bulge at the vaginal opening or a sensation of heaviness or dragging in the pelvis. Dysfunction can also lead to issues such as painful sexual activity, reduced vaginal sensation, or chronic pelvic pain.
Strategies for Muscle Support
Supporting the health of the deep transverse perineal muscle often involves targeted exercises and lifestyle adjustments. Pelvic floor exercises, commonly known as Kegels, are a primary strategy for strengthening these muscles. To perform a Kegel, individuals should contract the pelvic floor muscles as if stopping the flow of urine or holding back gas, while keeping the abdominal, gluteal, and thigh muscles relaxed.
Holding the contraction for a few seconds, typically 3 to 5 seconds, followed by an equal period of relaxation, and repeating this 10-15 times for several sets daily, can help improve muscle strength. Proper technique is important, and individuals can verify they are engaging the correct muscles by inserting a finger into the vagina or rectum and feeling the muscles tighten and lift. Maintaining good posture, avoiding chronic straining during bowel movements, and seeking professional guidance from a healthcare provider or pelvic floor physical therapist are also beneficial for support and addressing concerns.