A scalp laceration is a cut or tear in the skin of the head. These injuries often result in significant bleeding, which can appear alarming. The scalp possesses an extensive network of blood vessels close to the skin’s surface, contributing to this profuse bleeding. Despite the substantial blood loss that can occur, most scalp lacerations are not severe and can be effectively managed with appropriate immediate first aid.
Immediate Steps to Control Bleeding
When a scalp laceration occurs, the immediate priority is to control the bleeding. Begin by ensuring safety, washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water if possible, and wearing disposable gloves to prevent infection. Next, apply firm, direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth, sterile gauze, or the cleanest material available. This continuous pressure helps the blood to clot and stop the flow.
Maintain steady pressure for a full 10 to 15 minutes without lifting the material to check the wound. If the cloth becomes saturated with blood, place additional layers on top without removing the original material, and continue applying pressure. Elevating the injured area, if feasible, can also help reduce blood flow, though direct pressure remains the primary method for bleeding control.
If an object is embedded in the wound, such as glass or debris, do not remove it. Instead, apply firm pressure around the object, taking care not to press directly on it. Once the bleeding has slowed or stopped, secure the dressing in place with a snug bandage that maintains pressure without cutting off circulation.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
While many scalp lacerations can be managed with first aid, some situations necessitate professional medical attention. Seek immediate care if the bleeding does not stop after 10 to 15 minutes of continuous pressure. Wounds that are gaping, very deep, or longer than half an inch also typically require medical evaluation.
Professional help is needed if an object remains embedded in the wound. Be vigilant for signs of a more serious underlying head injury, including:
Loss of consciousness
Severe or worsening headache
Confusion
Repeated nausea or vomiting
Changes in vision or behavior
Wounds located over a joint or near the eye, or those resulting from a significant impact, also warrant a medical visit. For puncture wounds or lacerations contaminated with dirt, a healthcare provider can assess the need for a tetanus vaccination.
After Initial Bleeding Control
After bleeding has been controlled, proper wound care promotes healing and prevents complications. If professional medical care is not immediately sought or while awaiting it, gently clean the wound with mild soap and water once bleeding has fully stopped. Avoid scrubbing, as this can cause further damage or re-bleeding.
Monitor the wound closely for any signs of infection, including:
Increased redness
Swelling
Warmth
Pus drainage
Worsening pain
Fever
For discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers can be used. Regularly change the wound dressing to keep the area clean and protected. Avoid activities that could strain the wound or cause it to reopen.