The anthurium plant, known for its vibrant, waxy “flowers,” brings a touch of tropical elegance to any space. These striking blooms are actually modified leaves called spathes, which surround a central stalk known as the spadix. The true flowers are tiny and located on the spadix. Appreciated for their long-lasting color and relatively low maintenance, anthuriums are a favorite for adding ornamental value to homes and offices.
Anthurium Care Essentials
Light Requirements
Anthuriums thrive in bright, indirect light conditions, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a tree canopy. Placing them near an east or north-facing window is ideal, as this provides ample illumination without the harshness of direct sun. Excessive direct sunlight can scorch their leaves, leading to bleached or brown spots, while insufficient light can result in leggy growth and a reduction in bloom production. Rotating the plant periodically ensures even light exposure for all sides.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is important for anthurium health, balancing the prevention of both root rot and dehydration. Allow the top 2 to 3 centimeters of the soil to dry out before watering again. When watering, saturate the soil thoroughly until water begins to drain from the bottom of the pot. Never let the plant sit in standing water, as this can lead to anaerobic conditions and root decay.
Soil Mix and Potting
Anthuriums grow well in a well-draining, airy potting mix that provides adequate aeration to their roots. A suitable blend includes components like orchid bark, perlite, and peat moss or coco coir. This combination ensures moisture retention while preventing waterlogging, which is important for root health. Pots should always have drainage holes to facilitate the exit of excess water.
Temperature and Humidity
Maintaining a consistent temperature between 20°C and 28°C is ideal for anthurium growth and flowering. They are sensitive to sudden temperature fluctuations and cold drafts, which can stress the plant and harm its health. High humidity, between 60% and 80%, mirrors their native tropical environment and is beneficial for their foliage and bloom development. Achieving this can involve misting the leaves, placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water, or using a room humidifier.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization supports strong growth and abundant blooming, particularly during the active growing seasons of spring and summer. A balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half or quarter strength, is recommended. Applying fertilizer every 2 to 4 weeks during this period provides the necessary nutrients without overwhelming the plant. Reduce or cease fertilization during the cooler, darker months when the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Troubleshooting Common Anthurium Problems
Leaf Discoloration
Yellowing leaves on anthuriums indicate overwatering or a nutrient deficiency. If the soil remains consistently soggy, roots can suffocate and rot, leading to yellowing foliage. Conversely, browning tips or edges on leaves point to low humidity, underwatering, or an accumulation of salts in the soil from excessive fertilization. Black spots on leaves can signal fungal issues, especially with poor air circulation, or cold damage if the plant has been exposed to low temperatures.
Lack of Blooms
When an anthurium fails to produce its colorful spathes, several factors could be at play. Insufficient light is a main cause, as adequate illumination is necessary for flowering. Incorrect fertilization, either too much nitrogen promoting foliage over flowers or insufficient phosphorus, can also inhibit blooming. If the plant is root-bound in a pot that is too small, or if it hasn’t experienced a slight dormancy period, flowering may be suppressed.
Pest Infestations
Anthuriums can get common houseplant pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. Spider mites appear as fine webbing on the undersides of leaves, accompanied by tiny discolored spots. Mealybugs appear as small, white, cottony masses in leaf axils and along stems, while aphids are small, soft-bodied insects found clustered on new growth. Addressing these infestations promptly with horticultural oil, such as neem oil, or insecticidal soap can manage populations effectively.
Propagating and Repotting Anthuriums
When and How to Repot
Repotting an anthurium is necessary when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of drainage holes or circling tightly in the pot. Soil degradation, where the potting mix breaks down and loses its aeration, is another sign. The ideal time for repotting is in spring or early summer, just as the plant enters its active growth phase. When repotting, select a pot only slightly larger than the previous one and use fresh, well-draining potting mix, gently handling the roots to minimize stress.
Methods of Propagation
Anthuriums can be propagated through division, a straightforward method. This involves carefully separating the plant into smaller sections, ensuring each section has a portion of the root system and at least one stem. Each division can then be potted individually in its own container with appropriate soil. Stem cuttings, particularly those with aerial roots, can also be a propagation method.
Anthurium Toxicity
All parts of the anthurium plant are considered toxic if ingested, due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. These needle-shaped crystals can cause irritation and burning sensations in the mouth and throat. Therefore, it is important to keep anthurium plants out of reach of children and pets.