A clicking noise perceived in the head when walking is a common phenomenon. While unsettling, it is often not a sign of a serious medical condition. This sensation frequently arises from benign physiological processes within the head or neck region. Understanding its common origins can help alleviate apprehension.
Decoding the Clicking Sensation
This internal clicking sensation is typically described as a distinct sound or feeling, often heard only by the individual experiencing it. It can manifest as a pop, crackle, or click, and its occurrence may synchronize with footsteps or specific head movements. The perceived intensity and frequency of these clicks can vary considerably, from subtle and occasional to pronounced and frequent. The location of the perceived sound can also differ, with some feeling it near the ears, temples, or even the back of the head.
Potential Reasons for Head Clicking
Several physiological mechanisms can contribute to the perception of clicking sounds in the head, with the most common stemming from structures near the ear, jaw, and neck.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction is a frequent cause of perceived head clicking. The TMJ connects the lower jaw to the skull and is located just in front of the ear. Issues with this joint, such as misalignment of the disc cushioning the joint or muscle tension, can produce clicking, popping, or grinding sounds, which may be felt or heard in the head, especially during jaw movement or chewing. These sounds often arise as the joint’s articular disc shifts in and out of place.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) is another common culprit. The Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, helping to equalize air pressure and drain fluid. When these tubes become inflamed or blocked, they may not open and close properly, leading to sensations of clicking, popping, or fullness in the ear. This dysfunction can be triggered by conditions like colds, allergies, or sinus infections, which cause swelling and fluid buildup.
Cervical spine issues, particularly those affecting the neck vertebrae and surrounding tissues, can also generate sounds that resonate into the head. Movements of the neck, especially if there is minor joint instability, muscle tightness, or ligament issues, can result in clicking, popping, or grinding noises. These sounds, often referred to as neck crepitus, can occur due to air bubbles within joint fluids or the movement of tendons and ligaments over bone.
Muscle spasms or tension in the head, neck, or jaw muscles can also lead to perceived clicking or popping sensations. Involuntary contractions or tightness in these muscles, sometimes related to stress or teeth clenching, can cause discomfort and sounds. These muscle issues can be associated with TMJ disorders.
While very rare, certain vascular or intracranial conditions could be associated with perceived head sounds. These instances are highly uncommon and typically present with additional, more concerning symptoms. If symptoms are persistent, severe, or accompanied by other neurological signs, medical evaluation is important to rule out such rare possibilities.
When Medical Evaluation is Needed
While a clicking noise in the head is often benign, certain accompanying symptoms warrant professional medical attention. If the clicking is persistent, constant, or increases in frequency or intensity, it is advisable to seek medical advice. A healthcare provider should also be consulted if the clicking is accompanied by pain, such as headaches, jaw pain, or neck pain.
Other concerning symptoms that necessitate medical evaluation include dizziness, vertigo, hearing loss, or ringing in the ears (tinnitus). Neurological symptoms like vision changes, numbness, or weakness are also red flags. If the sensation causes significant distress, anxiety, or interferes with daily activities like eating or speaking, or if the clicking appears suddenly with any of these additional symptoms, a doctor’s visit is recommended.
Diagnosing and Addressing the Cause
A healthcare professional will begin the diagnostic process by taking a detailed medical history, inquiring about when the clicking started, what makes it worse or better, and any associated symptoms. This is followed by a physical examination, with particular attention to the head, neck, jaw, and ears. The examination may involve assessing jaw movement, checking for tenderness in the TMJ or neck muscles, and evaluating ear health.
Depending on the suspected cause, various diagnostic tests might be utilized. Imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI scans of the head or neck, or CT scans may be performed to visualize underlying structural issues. If ear problems are suspected, audiology tests can assess hearing and ear function. Blood tests may also be conducted to check for conditions like anemia or thyroid problems if they are considered potential contributors.
Treatment approaches are tailored to the specific underlying cause identified. For conditions like TMJ dysfunction or neck issues, management may involve lifestyle modifications, such such as stress reduction and posture correction. Physical therapy can be beneficial for improving jaw mechanics or strengthening neck muscles. Medications, including anti-inflammatory drugs or muscle relaxants, might be prescribed to alleviate pain or muscle spasms. In some cases, specialized interventions, which could include dental appliances for TMJ or, rarely, surgical procedures for severe structural problems, may be considered.