Caprylic acid is a specific type of dietary fat. It belongs to a group of saturated fatty acids called medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). Its structure consists of an eight-carbon chain, which is why it is also known by its systematic name, octanoic acid. This particular structure distinguishes it from other fats, such as the long-chain fatty acids more commonly found in the diet.
Sources of Caprylic Acid
Caprylic acid is present in a few natural food sources. It is found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Another significant natural source is the milk of various mammals, including human breast milk as well as milk from goats and cows.
Beyond these whole food sources, caprylic acid is widely available in more concentrated forms. The most popular of these is MCT oil, which isolates medium-chain triglycerides, including caprylic acid, from their original source, like coconut oil. It is also sold as a standalone dietary supplement, typically encapsulated in soft gels.
Use Against Infections and Inflammation
The chemical structure of caprylic acid gives it antimicrobial properties. It is particularly recognized for its effectiveness against certain types of fungi. One of the most studied applications is against Candida albicans, the fungus responsible for common yeast infections. Caprylic acid works by inserting itself into the fungal cell membrane, disrupting its integrity and causing it to rupture.
This ability to disrupt microbial membranes also extends to certain bacteria. Research has explored its effectiveness in inactivating common pathogens. This action is linked to its potential use in managing inflammatory skin conditions like acne or eczema, which can have a bacterial or fungal component.
Its anti-inflammatory effects have also been investigated in the context of gastrointestinal disorders. Studies have examined its ability to suppress the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a signaling protein that promotes inflammation, in intestinal cells. This suggests a mechanism by which medium-chain triglycerides might help manage inflammation within the gut, a function that has been observed in patients with conditions like Crohn’s disease.
Caprylic Acid for Energy and Metabolism
Unlike long-chain fatty acids, which require a more complex process of digestion and transport, MCTs are absorbed directly from the small intestine and sent straight to the liver. This efficient absorption means they are less likely to be stored as body fat.
Once in the liver, caprylic acid is rapidly broken down and converted into molecules called ketones. These ketones are then released into the bloodstream, where they can be used by various tissues, including the brain and muscles, as a quick source of fuel. This metabolic pathway is the primary reason for the popularity of MCTs and caprylic acid within ketogenic diets, which aim to shift the body’s primary energy source from glucose to ketones.
The rapid energy production from caprylic acid has also drawn interest from athletes and those looking for a performance boost. The idea is that this quick fuel can power workouts, especially in individuals following a low-carbohydrate diet. The hormone ghrelin, which signals hunger, requires acylation to become active, and caprylic acid can provide the necessary acyl group, playing a part in the complex system of energy regulation.
Safety and Dosage Considerations
While generally considered safe for consumption, caprylic acid supplements can cause side effects for some individuals. The most common issues are gastrointestinal, including nausea, stomach discomfort, or diarrhea. These effects are often dose-dependent and can typically be minimized by starting with a smaller amount and gradually increasing it over time. Taking the supplement with a meal can also help reduce the likelihood of stomach upset.
For most healthy adults, supplemental doses can vary, but a common approach involves starting with a small amount, such as one to two grams, and assessing tolerance before considering an increase. Follow the specific instructions on the product label.
Individuals with pre-existing health conditions, particularly liver disease, should exercise caution. Because caprylic acid is metabolized by the liver, a compromised liver may not process it efficiently. Therefore, it is highly recommended that anyone with a medical condition, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult with a qualified healthcare provider before incorporating caprylic acid supplements into their routine.