Pregnant individuals often wonder if everyday actions, such as coughing, could lead to their “water breaking.” This is a common concern, as pregnancy brings many bodily changes and new sensations.
Understanding the Rupture of Membranes and Coughing
“Water breaking” refers to the rupture of the amniotic sac, a fluid-filled membrane that surrounds the developing baby. This sac contains amniotic fluid, important for fetal growth and protection. While coughing creates increased abdominal pressure, it generally does not cause the amniotic sac to rupture. The membranes are strong enough to withstand such pressure.
Amniotic sac rupture usually occurs due to a natural weakening of the membranes, often as labor begins. If water breaks before labor, it’s premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Factors contributing to PROM include infections, previous PROM, or certain complications, but not typically the transient pressure from a cough.
Instead, coughing during pregnancy is more likely to cause temporary urinary incontinence. The growing uterus places pressure on the bladder, and hormonal changes relax pelvic floor muscles, making accidental urine leaks common with activities like coughing, sneezing, or laughing. This can be mistaken for amniotic fluid.
Distinguishing Amniotic Fluid from Other Leaks
Differentiating between amniotic fluid and other types of leakage, such as urine or vaginal discharge, is important. Amniotic fluid is typically clear or pale yellow and often has no odor or a slightly sweet smell. It usually presents as a continuous trickle or a sudden gush that cannot be controlled or stopped. The fluid may continue to leak, especially when changing positions.
In contrast, urine typically has a distinct ammonia-like odor and a yellowish color. While urine leaks can be difficult to control during pregnancy, especially with coughing or sneezing, the flow can often be consciously stopped or slowed by engaging pelvic floor muscles.
Vaginal discharge, which increases during pregnancy, is generally thicker, stickier, or more mucous-like, and can be clear, white, or milky. It usually does not have a strong odor, though it can be tinged with blood, especially if it’s the mucus plug. If there is any doubt about the type of fluid, it is always recommended to contact a healthcare provider for an assessment.
Immediate Steps When You Suspect Your Water Has Broken
If you suspect your water has broken, contact your healthcare provider or head to the hospital immediately. Even if you are unsure, medical professionals can perform tests to confirm if it is indeed amniotic fluid. Note the time the leakage began, the approximate amount of fluid, its color, and any odor. This information will be helpful for your healthcare team.
Once the membranes have ruptured, it is advised to avoid activities that could introduce bacteria into the vagina, such as taking baths, having sexual intercourse, or using tampons. These precautions help reduce the risk of infection for both you and the baby. Your healthcare provider will guide you on the next steps, which may include waiting for labor to progress naturally or discussing induction options, depending on your gestational age and other factors.