The tongue can get bruised. While it may not display the familiar blue-black discoloration seen on skin, the tongue is susceptible to bruising due to its rich blood supply and frequent activity. This muscle, constantly used for speaking, chewing, and swallowing, contains numerous blood vessels, making it prone to internal bleeding when capillaries are damaged. Such injuries, though often minor, can result in discomfort and visible changes.
How the Tongue Can Get Bruised
Tongue bruises often result from direct physical trauma. Accidental biting during chewing or speaking is a frequent cause, as teeth can inadvertently clamp down on the soft tissue. Impacts from falls, sports injuries, or car accidents can also lead to tongue trauma.
Beyond direct impacts, abrasive contact can injure the tongue. Eating hard or sharp foods, or vigorous brushing, can cause irritation and small lacerations that result in bruising. Thermal injuries from consuming overly hot foods or liquids can damage tissue and lead to pain and swelling. Additionally, irritation from dental appliances like braces or ill-fitting dentures can rub against the tongue, causing sores and potential bruising.
Recognizing a Bruised Tongue and What to Expect
Identifying a bruised tongue differs from recognizing a bruise on the skin. While skin bruises often show distinct color changes, a tongue bruise might appear as darker red or purplish spots, or simply as swelling and tenderness. Pain is a common symptom, often accompanied by a sore sensation that can make eating or speaking uncomfortable.
The tongue heals quickly, meaning most bruises resolve relatively fast. Minor injuries typically heal within a few days to a week, though more severe cases might take up to two weeks or longer. During the healing process, self-care measures can help manage discomfort. Applying a cold compress or sucking on ice chips can reduce swelling and provide pain relief. Rinsing the mouth with a warm saltwater solution several times a day can aid in keeping the area clean and reducing infection risk. Eating soft foods and avoiding spicy, acidic, or crunchy items can also prevent further irritation and promote healing.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While most tongue bruises are minor and heal without intervention, certain signs indicate the need for medical evaluation. Persistent pain or swelling that does not improve after a week, or worsening symptoms, should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, pus draining from the area, or a fever, require immediate attention.
If the bruise was caused by significant trauma, such as a severe fall or impact, seek medical care to rule out other injuries. Difficulty speaking or swallowing, or if bleeding from the tongue does not stop after 10 to 15 minutes of direct pressure, also warrants urgent medical attention. A healthcare professional can assess the injury’s severity and determine if stitches, antibiotics, or other treatments are necessary.