Bleeding can originate from the sinuses, often appearing as a common nosebleed. While unsettling, sinus bleeding is usually not a sign of a severe underlying condition. The delicate lining within the sinus cavities is susceptible to the same factors that cause typical nosebleeds.
Understanding Sinuses
The sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull around the nose and eyes. These cavities are lined with a specialized tissue called mucous membrane. This membrane continuously produces mucus, which helps to trap airborne particles and humidify the air we breathe before it reaches the lungs.
The sinuses connect to the nasal passages through small openings, allowing mucus to drain into the nose. The lining of these cavities, much like the inside of the nose, contains a network of tiny, delicate blood vessels. The fragility of these vessels and their proximity to the surface make them susceptible to irritation or damage, which can lead to bleeding.
Causes of Sinus Bleeding
Various factors can irritate or damage the delicate mucous membranes and blood vessels within the sinuses, leading to bleeding. Dry air can dry out the nasal and sinus linings, making them more prone to cracking and bleeding.
Infections, such as common colds, flu, or sinusitis, cause inflammation and swelling of the sinus lining, which can make blood vessels more fragile and likely to bleed. Allergies also contribute to chronic inflammation and irritation, increasing the risk of bleeding. Physical trauma to the nose or face, even a minor injury, can directly damage blood vessels.
Overuse of certain nasal sprays, especially decongestant sprays, can dry out the nasal membranes and contribute to irritation and bleeding. In children, foreign objects inserted into the nose can cause localized irritation and bleeding. Less commonly, underlying medical conditions like high blood pressure or bleeding disorders, as well as certain medications such as blood thinners, can increase the likelihood of sinus bleeding.
Managing Sinus Bleeding
If sinus bleeding occurs, several steps can help stop the flow. Remain calm and sit upright, leaning slightly forward to prevent blood from draining down the throat, which can cause nausea. Gently blow the nose to clear clots, then firmly pinch the soft part of the nose just above the nostrils.
Apply pressure for 10 to 15 minutes, breathing through the mouth. Avoid releasing pressure to check if bleeding has stopped before the full time passes. After bleeding subsides, avoid picking or forcefully blowing the nose for several hours to prevent recurrence. Using saline nasal sprays or a humidifier can help keep nasal passages moist and reduce the chance of future bleeding, especially in dry environments.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most sinus bleeding is not serious, some situations warrant professional medical evaluation. Seek emergency care if bleeding does not stop after 20 to 30 minutes of continuous direct pressure. Heavy or significant blood loss, or bleeding that interferes with breathing, requires immediate attention.
Seek medical attention if bleeding occurs after a head injury or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as dizziness, weakness, severe pain, or vision changes. Frequent or recurrent bleeding without an apparent cause warrants consulting a healthcare provider. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications should also consult their doctor.