Human feces is a biological waste product formed from undigested food matter, bacteria, and other metabolic byproducts. While a natural bodily function, it contains a diverse array of microorganisms, some of which can be harmful. Contact with human feces can make you sick, underscoring the importance of understanding potential health risks.
The Hidden Dangers in Feces
Human feces harbors a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. While many of these are harmless commensals that aid digestion, others are pathogenic and can cause disease.
Common bacterial pathogens found in feces include E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. Viral pathogens often present are norovirus and rotavirus, which are leading causes of gastrointestinal illness. Parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium can also be present in stool. Even one’s own feces can contain these pathogens, which, if ingested, can lead to illness.
Pathways of Contamination
Illness from fecal contact primarily occurs through the fecal-oral route, where microscopic fecal particles from an infected person are ingested. This can happen through direct contact, such as inadequate handwashing after using the toilet or changing diapers, leading to germ transfer from hands to the mouth.
Contamination can also occur indirectly when hands touch surfaces or objects like doorknobs, toys, or food items that have been contaminated. These germs can then be transferred to the mouth, causing infection. Cross-contamination during food preparation, particularly when unwashed hands handle food, is another common pathway.
Protecting Yourself and Others
Proper hand hygiene is a highly effective way to prevent the spread of fecal-borne illnesses. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water is important after using the toilet, changing diapers, or before eating and preparing food. This mechanical action removes pathogens.
Safe disposal of human waste is another preventative measure. Using designated bathroom facilities is recommended, but in outdoor settings, burying waste in a “cat-hole” 6-8 inches deep and at least 200 feet away from water sources, trails, and camps is advised. Cleaning and disinfecting contaminated surfaces, especially in shared environments, helps to interrupt transmission. Ensuring clean water sources and safe food handling practices are important to prevent widespread contamination.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Help
Fecal-borne illnesses often manifest with symptoms affecting the digestive system. Common signs include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, and fever. The specific symptoms and their severity can vary depending on the particular pathogen involved and an individual’s susceptibility.
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms are severe or persistent. Signs that warrant professional help include diarrhea lasting longer than a few days, a high fever (102°F or higher), severe abdominal pain, or blood or mucus in the stool. Dehydration, a significant risk with severe diarrhea, requires prompt medical attention, with signs like reduced urination, extreme thirst, dry mouth, and dizziness. Vulnerable individuals, such as infants, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems, should seek medical advice promptly if they experience these symptoms.