The term “double-jointed” describes individuals with unusual joint flexibility, allowing movement beyond the typical range of motion. While often associated with fingers, elbows, or knees, this hypermobility can also affect the jaw. This article explores jaw hypermobility and its implications.
Understanding Jaw Hypermobility
While “double-jointed jaw” is not a medical diagnosis, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can exhibit hypermobility. This condition, known as TMJ hypermobility, signifies an excessive range of motion in the jaw.
Jaw hypermobility involves increased laxity in the ligaments and connective tissues supporting the TMJ. These ligaments, which normally restrict movement, become stretched, allowing the jaw to move beyond its usual limits. This differs from normal jaw function, where movements are precise and controlled.
Causes of Jaw Hypermobility
Several factors contribute to jaw hypermobility. Genetic predisposition plays a role, as individuals with inherited connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) often have generalized joint laxity. In such cases, collagen, a protein essential for connective tissue strength, may be diminished or altered, leading to looser joints.
Trauma or injury to the jaw can also weaken supporting ligaments and the joint capsule. Additionally, chronic jaw habits, such as wide yawning, singing, or persistent teeth clenching and grinding, can gradually stretch TMJ tissues. These repeated stresses compromise joint stability.
Recognizing Jaw Hypermobility
Individuals with jaw hypermobility may notice several common signs. A frequent indicator is clicking or popping sounds from the jaw joint when opening or closing the mouth. In hypermobility, these often occur as the internal disc of the joint shifts due to excessive movement.
Jaw locking is another symptom, where the jaw temporarily gets stuck in an open or, less commonly, closed position. This can happen during routine activities like yawning, laughing, or eating, and may require manual manipulation to return the jaw to its normal alignment. People may also experience pain or discomfort in the jaw joint, facial muscles, or surrounding areas like the neck and ears. A feeling that the jaw is “loose” or “comes out of place” is also common, reflecting the joint’s instability.
Addressing Jaw Hypermobility
If jaw hypermobility is suspected, professional evaluation is an important next step. A dentist, oral surgeon, or TMJ specialist can diagnose the condition through physical examination and, if necessary, imaging tests. They can also rule out other potential causes of jaw discomfort.
Management strategies for jaw hypermobility typically begin with conservative approaches. Patients are advised to modify jaw movements, such as avoiding wide yawning or biting into large foods, to prevent excessive joint strain. Jaw exercises, often guided by a physical therapist, strengthen TMJ muscles, improving stability and control. Stress management and a soft diet can also alleviate symptoms. Mouthguards may be recommended, and for severe symptoms, medical interventions like pain relievers or, rarely, surgical procedures may be considered.