Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective, long-acting reversible contraceptives. These small, T-shaped devices are placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. While generally reliable and secure, an IUD can shift from its correct position. Understanding this uncommon occurrence, IUD dislodgement, is important for continued protection.
What IUD Dislodgement Means
IUD dislodgement occurs when the device moves from its correct placement in the uterus. This movement compromises its contraceptive effect. Dislodgement can be partial or complete. Partial dislodgement means the IUD has shifted but remains in the uterus, while complete expulsion means it has exited the body.
In either case, the IUD’s ability to prevent pregnancy is compromised or lost. Even a slight shift reduces effectiveness, as the device may no longer create the necessary uterine environment to prevent fertilization or implantation. IUD dislodgement is uncommon, affecting a small percentage of users.
Signs of Dislodgement
Recognizing the signs of IUD dislodgement is important for prompt action. A common indicator is a change in the length or presence of the IUD strings. You might notice the strings feel longer or shorter than usual, or they could be completely absent. These strings are typically felt by inserting a clean finger into the vagina at the cervix.
Other signs include new or worsening pelvic pain, such as persistent cramping beyond typical menstrual discomfort. Abnormal bleeding patterns, like heavier or prolonged periods, spotting between cycles, or unusually painful menstruation, can also signal a problem. Some individuals might even feel the IUD itself, particularly if it has partially expelled into the cervical canal or vagina. A change in the feel or position of the cervix during self-examination is another clue.
Factors Contributing to Dislodgement
Several factors can influence the likelihood of an IUD dislodging. The initial insertion process, including improper technique or difficulty during placement, can increase the risk of movement. Uterine anatomy, such as its size, shape, or the presence of conditions like uterine fibroids, can also affect how securely an IUD is retained.
Strong uterine contractions, like those during menstruation or severe cramping, can contribute to dislodgement. Recent childbirth or abortion also make the uterus more prone to expelling an IUD, as uterine muscles actively contract and return to pre-pregnancy size. In some instances, the specific cause for an IUD dislodgement remains undetermined.
Steps to Take If You Suspect Dislodgement
If you suspect your IUD has dislodged, contacting a healthcare provider without delay is the most important step. They can accurately assess the situation and determine if the device has moved. Until you have been medically evaluated, it is advisable to use a backup form of contraception, such as condoms, or abstain from sexual intercourse to prevent unintended pregnancy.
You should never attempt to adjust or remove the IUD yourself, as this could cause injury or further complications. During your medical appointment, the healthcare provider will likely perform a pelvic exam to check for the IUD strings and its position. Imaging techniques, such as an ultrasound or an X-ray, may confirm the IUD’s location. Following their assessment, your provider will discuss appropriate next steps, which may include IUD removal or replacement.