Mononucleosis, often referred to as mono, is a viral infection commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although other viruses can also be responsible. It primarily affects teenagers and young adults, leading to symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and extreme fatigue. Exercising with mono is generally not recommended due to potential health risks, and prioritizing rest is important for recovery.
Why Exercise is Risky with Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis can cause the spleen, an organ located in the upper left abdomen that filters blood, to enlarge; this condition is known as splenomegaly. An enlarged spleen becomes fragile and is more susceptible to rupture from direct impact or intense physical activity. Splenic rupture is a rare but severe complication that can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding and requires emergency surgery.
The body expends significant energy fighting the viral infection, resulting in significant fatigue and weakness. Engaging in physical activity during this period can exacerbate fatigue, making daily tasks more difficult and potentially overwhelming the immune system. Pushing the body too hard can prolong the illness, delaying recovery and potentially leading to chronic fatigue.
Other common symptoms of mono, such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits, headaches, and muscle aches, make exercise uncomfortable. These symptoms indicate the body is under stress, and adding physical activity can worsen discomfort and hinder healing.
When to Consider Returning to Exercise
Medical clearance from a healthcare professional is required before resuming physical activity after a mono diagnosis. The doctor will assess spleen size and overall recovery to determine safe return to exercise. This assessment may involve a physical examination and, in some cases, ultrasound to confirm the spleen has returned to normal size.
Major symptoms, including fever, severe fatigue, and sore throat, should have significantly improved or fully subsided before contemplating a return to activity. While the acute phase of mono typically resolves within two to four weeks, fatigue can linger for several months.
Splenic enlargement usually peaks within the first two weeks of illness, but it can extend to 3.5 weeks. For most individuals, splenomegaly resolves within four to six weeks. Ruptures are most common within the first three weeks and become exceedingly rare after four weeks, though they have occurred up to eight weeks from symptom onset.
Gradual Return to Activity
Once cleared by a healthcare provider, a gradual return to exercise is recommended. Begin with light activities, such as short walks or gentle yoga, for about 10-15 minutes.
Listen to your body and stop immediately if fatigue, pain, or discomfort arises. Slowly increase the duration and intensity of activities over several days or weeks. This might involve transitioning to moderate-intensity exercises like swimming or cycling before reintroducing strength training with lighter weights.
Even after general exercise resumes, contact sports or activities with a risk of abdominal impact should be avoided for a longer period, typically six to eight weeks or more, depending on the doctor’s specific advice and spleen assessment. This extended caution is due to the persistent risk of splenic rupture, even if other symptoms improve.
Maintaining hydration and consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables supports recovery. Adequate rest, including 8-10 hours of sleep and naps as needed, also assists the body in fighting infection and regaining energy.