A mammogram is a specialized X-ray used to screen for breast tissue changes, primarily for the early detection of breast cancer. This examination requires the clearest possible image to allow radiologists to accurately interpret the results. The most immediate question patients have concerns whether to wear jewelry and other common accessories on the day of the procedure.
The Necessity of Removing Jewelry
For the mammogram to be successful, all metal objects that could enter the imaging field must be removed before the exam. This requirement applies to jewelry worn on the neck, chest, or torso. The most common items to remove are necklaces and long or dangling earrings that might fall into the compressed area during imaging. You should also remove any chest or nipple piercings, as these will be directly in the path of the X-ray beam. While you can wear jewelry to the facility, it is recommended to leave it at home to prevent loss during the procedure. The technologist will ask you to remove your clothing from the waist up in a private changing area.
How Metallic Artifacts Compromise Imaging
The reason for removing metal is directly related to the physics of X-ray imaging. Mammography uses low-dose X-rays, and metal is extremely dense, causing it to completely block the radiation. On the resulting image, this blockage creates a bright white spot known as a metallic artifact. Even a small piece of metal can cast a large shadow that obscures a significant amount of breast tissue. This artifact can cover up genuine abnormalities, such as tiny calcifications or a developing mass, making an accurate diagnosis impossible. If the artifact is large enough or covers a suspicious area, the radiologist may require a repeat scan.
Essential Preparation Beyond Jewelry
Preparation for a mammogram extends beyond jewelry removal and includes avoiding certain topical products on the day of the exam. You should not apply any deodorant, antiperspirant, body powder, or lotion to your underarm or breast areas. These products contain ingredients like aluminum or zinc that can also appear as white spots on the X-ray image. These product particles mimic the look of microcalcifications, which are tiny specks of calcium that can sometimes indicate early breast cancer. Their presence creates false positives that confuse the radiologist and can lead to a call-back for additional imaging. To make the entire process easier, wearing a two-piece outfit is advisable, as you will only need to undress from the waist up.