Sleepwalking, formally known as somnambulism, is a puzzling sleep phenomenon. It involves a person engaging in complex behaviors, such as walking or performing routine tasks, while remaining in a deep sleep state. This behavior can be unsettling for those witnessing it. Understanding sleepwalking is important for ensuring the individual’s safety and knowing when to seek additional guidance.
Waking a Sleepwalker
While it is physically possible to wake someone who is sleepwalking, it is generally not advised. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, making it difficult to rouse the individual. Abruptly awakening a sleepwalker can cause disorientation, confusion, and agitation. They may experience heightened arousal, leading to a “fight-or-flight” response, which could result in them lashing out or accidentally injuring themselves or others.
The concern is not that waking them is inherently dangerous to their health, such as causing a heart attack or brain damage, as these are common myths. Instead, the risk lies in their reaction to being suddenly startled from a very deep sleep state. Regaining full consciousness takes time, contributing to their confusion upon awakening. The goal when encountering a sleepwalker should always be their safety and minimizing distress.
What to Do Instead
Rather than attempting to wake a sleepwalker, gently guide them back to bed. Approach them calmly and speak in a soft, reassuring voice. A light touch can also be used to direct them without fully rousing them. The individual will likely not remember the episode in the morning.
Safety is important. Clear their path of any obstacles or hazards. Secure the environment by locking doors and windows. Removing sharp or breakable objects also helps reduce the risk of injury.
When to Seek Professional Advice
Occasional sleepwalking episodes are often not a serious concern, particularly in children who typically outgrow it. However, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable in certain instances. This includes situations where sleepwalking occurs frequently, leads to injuries, or significantly disrupts daytime functioning. If sleepwalking begins for the first time in adulthood, it warrants medical evaluation.
Sleepwalking can be influenced by various factors, including stress, sleep deprivation, and certain medications. Underlying medical conditions, such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, can also contribute to episodes. A healthcare provider can help identify triggers, rule out other sleep disorders, and recommend management strategies, such as improving sleep hygiene or addressing underlying health issues.