Constipation is a common and often uncomfortable symptom during pregnancy, affecting a large percentage of expectant mothers. This digestive slowdown results primarily from increased progesterone levels, which relax smooth muscles, including the intestinal walls. The growing uterus also exerts physical pressure on the lower digestive tract, impeding the passage of waste. Glycerin suppositories are a popular over-the-counter option for quick, local relief.
The Safety Profile of Glycerin Suppositories in Pregnancy
Glycerin suppositories are widely accepted for use during pregnancy because their action is almost entirely local within the rectum. Glycerin is minimally absorbed into the bloodstream, meaning there is no significant systemic exposure to the developing fetus. This localized effect minimizes concerns that the substance could cross the placenta.
Medical consensus considers them safe for occasional use across all three trimesters to relieve temporary constipation. However, consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if considering use in the first three months. Avoid using suppositories if experiencing undiagnosed abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or rectal bleeding. Seek medical advice if constipation persists for more than one week or if there is no bowel movement after using the product.
How Glycerin Suppositories Provide Relief
Glycerin is classified as a hyperosmotic laxative, meaning it works by influencing water movement. Once inserted, glycerin draws water into the lower bowel from surrounding tissues, softening the hardened stool mass. This influx of water makes the stool more pliable and easier to pass.
The suppository also acts as a mild local irritant to the rectal lining, causing a reflex action that encourages bowel movement. This stimulation, combined with the lubricating effect of the melted base, helps the body expel the stool quickly. The onset of action is rapid, typically resulting in a bowel movement within 15 to 60 minutes of insertion.
Proper Application and Usage Guidelines
Before using a glycerin suppository, wash your hands thoroughly. If the suppository is too soft, chill it in the refrigerator or hold it under cold water briefly to firm it up. Completely remove the foil or plastic wrapper before use.
To facilitate insertion, moisten the tip of the suppository with lukewarm water; do not use petroleum jelly, as it may hinder effectiveness. The best position for insertion is lying on your left side with your right knee bent toward your chest. Gently insert the pointed end of the suppository well into the rectum using a finger.
The standard adult dosage is typically one suppository used as needed, not more than once daily. After insertion, remain lying down for 15 to 20 minutes, if possible, to ensure the suppository stays in place. Glycerin suppositories are intended only for short-term, occasional relief of constipation.
Alternative Strategies for Managing Constipation
First-line treatment for managing pregnancy-related constipation involves non-pharmacological methods. Increasing dietary fiber intake is highly effective, with a daily goal of 25 to 30 grams from sources like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Fiber adds bulk to the stool, helping it move efficiently through the intestines.
Adequate hydration is equally important, as fiber needs water to work correctly and prevent stools from hardening. Pregnant individuals should aim to drink at least 8 to 12 cups of fluid, primarily water, each day. Regular, moderate physical activity, such as walking or swimming, also helps stimulate intestinal movement.
If lifestyle changes are not enough, other over-the-counter laxatives are considered safe, though they should be discussed with a healthcare provider. These include bulk-forming agents like psyllium husk, which act similarly to dietary fiber, and stool softeners such as docusate sodium. These options work to soften the stool mass within the intestine, offering a different approach to relief than the local action of a suppository.