Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy provides a steady stream of pressurized air to keep airways open during sleep, primarily treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). As COVID-19 affects breathing, many CPAP users wonder about continuing therapy if they contract the virus. This article outlines general considerations and precautions for CPAP use during a COVID-19 infection. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
CPAP and COVID Transmission Risk
A primary concern with CPAP use during a COVID-19 infection is the potential for dispersing viral particles. CPAP machines allow exhaled air to escape, and the air pressure can aerosolize viral particles from the user’s breath, increasing the spread of respiratory droplets.
These aerosolized virus particles can remain suspended in the air and travel throughout a room, heightening the risk of COVID-19 transmission to household contacts. Contaminated CPAP masks and tubing, if not properly cleaned, can also contribute to transmission through direct contact, as the virus can persist on surfaces.
Safe Practices for Home Use
Individuals who continue CPAP therapy while infected with COVID-19 can adopt several practices to minimize the risk of transmission to others in the household. Using the CPAP machine in an isolated room, ideally a separate bedroom, helps to contain potential viral spread. If a separate bathroom is available, using that as well can further reduce exposure.
Ensuring a proper mask fit is important to minimize air leaks, which can disperse virus-containing particles into the air. Cleaning CPAP equipment thoroughly and frequently is also an essential step. Daily cleaning of the tube, mask, and humidifier reservoir with mild soapy water is recommended, followed by rinsing and air drying.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises regular disinfection of frequently touched surfaces, including CPAP equipment, particularly when sick. Improving room ventilation, such as by opening windows, can also help to clear the air. Frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially before and after handling CPAP equipment, is a simple yet effective hygiene measure.
When CPAP is Not Appropriate
There are specific situations when using a home CPAP machine with COVID-19 may not be appropriate, necessitating immediate medical attention. If severe COVID-19 symptoms develop, such as significant shortness of breath, low oxygen levels, chest pain, or confusion, home CPAP may be insufficient. These symptoms indicate a need for professional medical evaluation and potentially more advanced respiratory support.
Home CPAP machines typically do not provide supplemental oxygen, and if a person requires additional oxygen to maintain adequate levels, hospital care is generally needed. Furthermore, a healthcare provider might advise against home CPAP use depending on the individual’s specific condition and the severity of their illness. In hospital settings, different, specialized ventilation equipment, such as helmet CPAP or mechanical ventilators, are available for severe cases, offering controlled environments and enhanced infection prevention measures. Recognizing these warning signs and consulting a doctor promptly is crucial for patient safety.