A pacemaker is a small, battery-operated device surgically implanted to help regulate the heart’s rhythm. It delivers low-energy electrical pulses to ensure the heart beats at a regular rate, particularly when the heart’s natural electrical system malfunctions. Given the widespread use of cell phones, a common concern arises regarding their potential interaction with these implanted medical devices. Understanding how pacemakers and cell phones interact is important for individuals who rely on these devices.
How Pacemakers and Cell Phones Interact
Cell phones emit radio frequency energy, creating electromagnetic fields (EMF). This can lead to electromagnetic interference (EMI), which was initially a concern for pacemakers. However, modern pacemakers are designed with advanced shielding and filtering to minimize susceptibility to external electromagnetic interference.
While older studies suggested a higher incidence of interference, contemporary research indicates that significant interference from cell phones is rare with modern pacemakers. Pacemakers are robust against common electromagnetic sources, and the risk of a clinically significant event from cell phone EMI is low. However, pacemakers can mistake strong electromagnetic fields from a cell phone for a cardiac signal, which could momentarily disrupt their function.
Safe Cell Phone Use Practices
Adhering to specific practices ensures safe cell phone use for individuals with pacemakers. Maintaining a safe distance between the cell phone and the pacemaker is a primary recommendation. Experts advise keeping a cell phone at least 6 inches (approximately 15 cm) away from the pacemaker to mitigate potential electromagnetic interference.
When carrying a cell phone, keep it on the side of the body opposite to where the pacemaker is implanted. Avoid placing the phone in a shirt or jacket pocket directly over the pacemaker site. Carrying the phone in a bag or a pocket on the opposite side provides additional separation. When making a call, hold the cell phone to the ear furthest from the pacemaker to maximize the distance between the device and the phone’s electromagnetic field.
Newer smartphone technologies, such as those with strong magnets for wireless charging or accessories, warrant attention. These magnets can cause pacemakers to temporarily enter a “magnet mode,” which might alter their pacing function. While the risk is low, especially if the 6-inch distance is maintained, some manufacturers recommend a greater distance, such as 12 inches (30 cm), when a phone is actively charging wirelessly.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While pacemaker interference from cell phones is uncommon, be aware of potential symptoms that could indicate an issue. These symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, or heart palpitations. If any symptoms occur while using a cell phone, immediately move the phone away from your body. Modern pacemakers return to their normal settings once the source of interference is removed.
Regular follow-up appointments with a cardiologist or healthcare provider are important for individuals with pacemakers. During these visits, any concerns regarding potential interactions with electronic devices, including cell phones, should be discussed. Healthcare professionals can provide personalized advice and check the pacemaker’s function to ensure it operates correctly.