What Causes Gums to Recede
Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue surrounding a tooth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This process can lead to sensitivity, an altered tooth appearance, and an increased risk of tooth decay and bone loss around the affected tooth. Understanding the underlying causes is important for management.
One common reason for gum recession is aggressive tooth brushing, particularly with a hard-bristled toothbrush or an incorrect technique. Applying too much force can wear away the delicate gum tissue over time, causing it to recede. Similarly, periodontal disease, a bacterial infection that damages gum tissue and the bone supporting teeth, is a significant contributor. The inflammation and infection associated with this disease can lead to the detachment and eventual loss of gum tissue.
Genetic predisposition also plays a role, as some individuals may be more susceptible to gum disease and recession. Poor oral hygiene practices, such as infrequent brushing and flossing, allow plaque and tartar to accumulate, irritating the gums and accelerating recession. Teeth grinding or clenching, known as bruxism, can exert excessive force on the teeth and supporting structures, potentially contributing to gum recession.
Other factors include tobacco use, which can impair gum health and hinder tissue repair, and misaligned teeth or an improper bite, which can place undue stress on certain areas of the gums. Hormonal changes, particularly in women during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause, can also make gums more sensitive and vulnerable to recession.
Can Gums Truly Grow Back
The question of whether gum tissue naturally regenerates after recession is frequently asked. Unfortunately, lost gum tissue typically does not naturally regenerate once it has receded. The specialized cells responsible for creating gum tissue are not designed for extensive regrowth in the same way some other tissues in the body might repair themselves.
While natural regeneration of significant gum tissue is not expected, modern dental interventions can effectively address the effects of recession. These treatments aim to halt the progression of further recession, cover exposed tooth roots, and improve the overall health and appearance of the gum line. The goal is to restore the protective barrier around the teeth, rather than relying on the body’s natural capacity for regrowth. Dental procedures can create the effect of gum restoration by repositioning or adding tissue.
Approaches to Managing Receding Gums
Managing gum recession often involves a combination of approaches tailored to the specific cause and severity of the condition. Initial steps frequently involve non-surgical treatments aimed at controlling underlying issues and protecting exposed tooth surfaces.
A deep cleaning, often referred to as scaling and root planing, is a common non-surgical procedure. This involves meticulously removing accumulated plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smoothing the tooth root surfaces. This process helps eliminate bacteria and toxins that contribute to gum inflammation and recession, allowing gums to reattach more firmly to cleaned tooth surfaces.
Dental bonding offers another non-surgical option, where a tooth-colored composite resin material is applied to the exposed root surfaces. This material matches natural tooth color and covers exposed areas, reducing sensitivity and improving aesthetic appearance. For cases where misaligned teeth contribute to recession, orthodontic treatment may be recommended to gradually reposition teeth into a more favorable alignment. Correcting bite issues can alleviate undue pressure on certain gum areas, potentially preventing further recession.
When non-surgical methods are insufficient, or if there is significant gum tissue loss, surgical interventions may be necessary. Gum grafting procedures are designed to cover exposed roots or to thicken existing gum tissue. One common technique is a connective tissue graft, where a small piece of tissue from beneath the surface of the palate is placed over the exposed root. This procedure provides a durable covering for the root surface.
Another surgical option is a free gingival graft, which involves taking a small piece of tissue directly from the surface of the palate and attaching it to the receded area. This method is often used to increase the amount of thick, protective gum tissue around teeth. A pedicle graft involves carefully repositioning existing gum tissue from an adjacent tooth or area to cover the exposed root. This technique is only possible when there is sufficient healthy gum tissue immediately next to the receded area. The selection of the appropriate treatment depends on factors such as the extent of recession, the amount of healthy gum tissue available, and the patient’s overall oral health.
Preventing Further Gum Recession
Preventing the progression of gum recession and avoiding new instances involves consistent attention to oral hygiene and addressing contributing factors. Implementing proper daily care routines can significantly impact gum health.
Adopting a proper brushing technique is important for prevention. This involves using a soft-bristled toothbrush with gentle, circular motions rather than aggressive scrubbing. Excessive force can damage gum tissue over time, leading to further recession. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also important, as they allow dental professionals to remove hardened plaque and tartar that cannot be removed with daily brushing and flossing.
Addressing habits that contribute to recession, such as teeth grinding or clenching, is another preventative measure. A custom-fitted night guard can protect teeth and gums from the forces exerted during bruxism. Quitting tobacco products is also important, as tobacco use can compromise gum health and the body’s ability to heal.
Maintaining comprehensive oral hygiene involves daily flossing to remove plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gumline. An antiseptic mouthwash, if recommended by a dental professional, can further reduce bacterial levels in the mouth. Promptly treating any signs of periodontal disease, such as bleeding or swollen gums, can also prevent the condition from worsening and leading to further gum recession.