Starfish, also known as sea stars, are marine invertebrates recognized by their star-shaped bodies, typically with five arms radiating from a central disc. They are not fish, despite their common name. These creatures inhabit marine waters across the globe, living on sandy, muddy, and rocky substrates, ranging from shallow coastal areas to the deep-sea floor. It is best to avoid physical contact with starfish.
Why Touching Starfish Causes Harm
Starfish are delicate creatures. Their outer surface features a thin layer of mucus, which serves as a protective barrier against bacteria and other environmental threats. Human touch can disrupt or remove this mucus layer, leaving the starfish vulnerable to infections and diseases. Their porous skin, which contains structures like dermal branchiae or skin gills, is also sensitive to external contact.
Even seemingly gentle handling can cause significant stress to a starfish, potentially leading to internal organ damage. Starfish possess a unique water vascular system, a network of fluid-filled canals that powers their tube feet and supports functions like movement, feeding, and respiration. Pressure from human hands can disrupt this hydraulic system, impairing their ability to move, forage for food, or escape from predators. Stress can also weaken a starfish’s immune system, making it more prone to illness.
Human hands carry natural oils, lotions, sunscreens, and bacteria that are harmful to starfish. These substances can transfer to the starfish’s sensitive body, potentially clogging their papulae and interfering with their ability to breathe, and can introduce harmful microbes, leading to infections in their soft tissues. Starfish absorb oxygen directly from the water through their papulae and tube feet, and prolonged exposure to air can be lethal. Removing them from water, even briefly, deprives them of oxygen, causing carbon dioxide to build up in their system and leading to asphyxiation. Studies indicate that just three to five minutes out of water can cause permanent harm or death for many species.
Interacting Responsibly with Starfish
Observing starfish in their natural habitat without physical contact allows them to continue their natural behaviors undisturbed. This supports their well-being and the health of their ecosystem.
Photography offers an excellent way to capture the beauty of starfish without causing them harm. Capturing images allows for lasting memories and sharing their appearance with others, all while maintaining respectful boundaries. This method aligns with broader marine etiquette, which encourages appreciation of marine life without intervention. Responsible tourism practices, such as adhering to local conservation guidelines, contribute to healthy marine environments.
Never remove a starfish from the water. If a starfish is found stranded on a beach, it should be gently guided back into the water, ensuring it is placed in a suitable location with adequate water flow. Supporting its body carefully with both hands during this process can prevent further injury to its delicate structure.