Achilles tendonitis involves inflammation and irritation of the thick band of tissue connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. This condition often results from overuse, such as abruptly changing activity levels or training on uneven surfaces. The repetitive stress can lead to micro-tears and subsequent inflammation in the tendon. Taping has become an accessible and widely used method for managing the pain and providing temporary support for the irritated tendon. While it is not a cure, applying tape can help reduce strain on the Achilles tendon fibers during activity and may offer immediate symptom relief.
The Two Primary Taping Methods
The choice of tape generally falls into two distinct categories: elastic Kinesiology Tape (KT) and non-elastic Rigid Athletic Tape. Kinesiology Tape is designed to mimic the elasticity of human skin, allowing for a full range of motion while worn. Its primary function is to provide dynamic support, gently lifting the skin to potentially reduce pressure on pain receptors and promote fluid movement.
In contrast, Rigid Athletic Tape is non-elastic and serves a more mechanical purpose by restricting movement. This type of tape is applied to prevent excessive motion, specifically limiting the dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the ankle that can strain the tendon. Rigid tape aims for structural stabilization and is often preferred for acute support where limiting joint movement is desired to offload the tendon fibers.
Principles of Taping for Tendon Support
Taping provides support to the Achilles tendon through a combination of physical and neurological effects. One of the primary mechanisms is enhanced proprioceptive input, which is the body’s sense of its position in space. The presence of tape on the skin stimulates sensory receptors, sending feedback to the brain that can improve awareness and control over the ankle and foot movements.
The application of tape can also achieve a degree of mechanical offloading on the irritated tendon. Rigid tape physically restricts movement, while Kinesiology Tape can subtly support the calf muscles, helping to reduce load on the tendon during activity. This reduction in strain gives the injured tissue a more favorable environment for recovery. The sensory input from the tape may also contribute to pain management through “pain gating,” where the non-painful sensation overrides pain signals traveling to the brain.
Step-by-Step Application Guide
Applying Kinesiology Tape for Achilles tendonitis typically begins with preparing a single long strip, often between 12 and 18 inches, with rounded edges to prevent premature peeling. The foot should be positioned in slight dorsiflexion, pulling the toes gently toward the shin to create a stretch on the back of the ankle. The tape’s anchor is first placed on the sole of the foot, often under the heel, with absolutely no stretch applied.
The tape is then guided up the back of the heel and along the Achilles tendon with a moderate stretch, often around 25% to 50% tension. The strip should run vertically up the calf, following the path of the tendon and calf muscle. The final section of the tape, which forms the anchor point above the calf muscle, is laid down again with zero tension to prevent skin irritation. After application, rubbing the tape gently helps to activate the adhesive and ensure it adheres securely to the skin.
For Rigid Athletic Tape, the goal is to limit the movement that causes pain, such as excessive ankle dorsiflexion. The application starts by securing anchor strips around the lower calf and the forefoot to protect the skin and provide a base. Support strips are then applied in a fan or X-pattern, running from the calf anchor down to the heel and foot anchors. These strips are applied with tension to physically block the heel from rising too high or the ankle from bending too far forward. This technique effectively locks the ankle into a neutral or slightly plantarflexed position, significantly reducing the pull on the Achilles tendon.
When Taping is Insufficient
Taping acts as a supportive measure for symptom management, but it is not a definitive treatment for Achilles tendonitis. The tape should be removed immediately if skin irritation, increased redness, or itchiness occurs. Persistent or worsening pain, especially with activity, indicates that taping alone is insufficient for managing the condition.
Seek professional medical attention if a sudden, sharp pain is felt or if there is an inability to bear weight on the foot. These symptoms may signal a more serious injury, such as a partial or complete tendon tear, requiring immediate diagnosis. If symptoms do not improve after a few days of taping and rest, transitioning to other therapies, such as a structured physical therapy program that includes stretching and strengthening protocols, becomes necessary.