Probiotics are living microorganisms, often called “good bacteria,” that can provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. Many individuals, especially those who are pregnant, consider whether to incorporate probiotics into their daily routine. Understanding their safety and potential advantages during pregnancy is important for informed health decisions.
Probiotics and Pregnancy Safety
Scientific understanding suggests probiotics are generally safe for healthy pregnant individuals. Research indicates a low incidence of adverse effects, with no reported associations between probiotic use and miscarriages or birth malformations.
Meta-analyses support this safety, finding no increased risk of complications like Caesarean sections, lower birth weight, or altered gestational age. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) note probiotic supplements are rarely absorbed systemically, posing no risk to expecting mothers. While rare cases of systemic infections from probiotics have been reported in the general population, the likelihood is very low for healthy individuals.
Most reported adverse effects are mild and gastrointestinal, such as abdominal cramping or flatulence. These effects are temporary. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most studied and recommended genera for pregnant women, with extensive safety research.
How Probiotics May Support Maternal Health
Probiotics contribute to gut health by balancing the gut microbiome, which naturally changes during pregnancy. They may help maintain this balance.
Probiotics may offer several benefits during pregnancy. They can help manage common discomforts like constipation. Certain strains may also reduce the risk of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and support vaginal health.
Maternal probiotic use may also reduce a child’s risk of developing allergic conditions. These areas highlight how probiotics might contribute to maternal and infant well-being.
Choosing and Using Probiotics
When considering a probiotic supplement during pregnancy, look for reputable brands that list specific strains and colony-forming units (CFUs). A common recommendation is at least 1 billion CFUs, though doses vary. Third-party testing helps ensure quality.
Probiotics are available in supplements and fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut. While fermented foods offer diverse species, supplements provide targeted strains and higher, more consistent doses.
Before starting any new supplement during pregnancy, consult a healthcare provider. While well-tolerated, some individuals may experience temporary side effects like bloating or gas.