Naltrexone is a medication approved to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) and opioid dependence. While it helps reduce cravings and the pleasurable effects of alcohol, taking Naltrexone after drinking is generally not recommended and can be dangerous. This medication is a prescription drug and must only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Understanding Naltrexone and Alcohol Interaction
Naltrexone functions as an opioid receptor antagonist, binding to mu-opioid receptors. By occupying these receptors, it blocks the effects of endogenous opioids that contribute to the rewarding sensations of alcohol consumption. This action reduces the euphoric “buzz” and reinforcing properties of alcohol, diminishing cravings and the desire to drink more. The standard dosage for AUD is typically 50 mg once daily, though some individuals may start with 25 mg to minimize potential side effects.
Naltrexone does not prevent or reverse the intoxicating effects of alcohol. While it can lessen the pleasure derived from drinking, it will not make a person sober or reduce physical impairment like slowed thinking or loss of coordination. Even if alcohol is already in the system, Naltrexone’s effect is to reduce reward pathway activation; it will not counteract existing alcohol-induced impairment. The medication works on a neurochemical level to alter the perception of alcohol’s effects, rather than acting as a “cure” for drunkenness.
Risks of Taking Naltrexone After Drinking
Taking Naltrexone when alcohol is still in the system or after heavy drinking carries several risks. While Naltrexone does not cause a severe adverse reaction like disulfiram (Antabuse) does when combined with alcohol, it can still lead to uncomfortable side effects. Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, or fatigue, which alcohol can exacerbate. These symptoms can be confusing, potentially masking signs of alcohol intoxication.
A key danger is misunderstanding Naltrexone’s role. Individuals might mistakenly believe Naltrexone allows them to drink more safely or avoid hangovers, leading to increased alcohol consumption. This misconception can result in overdrinking, raising the risk of alcohol poisoning, severe impairment, and accidents. Naltrexone does not protect against long-term health consequences of excessive alcohol use, such as liver damage or cardiovascular issues. Both alcohol and Naltrexone are processed by the liver; their combined use can stress this organ, potentially leading to liver damage.
Proper Use of Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorder
Naltrexone is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for alcohol use disorder, not as a standalone solution. It is commonly taken daily as an oral tablet, often at a 50 mg dose, to reduce cravings and prevent relapse. Another approach, known as the Sinclair Method, involves taking Naltrexone approximately one hour before anticipated drinking occasions to diminish the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Individuals should not be actively drinking when beginning Naltrexone treatment for AUD and should be able to abstain from alcohol in an outpatient setting prior to starting the medication.
Adherence to a doctor’s prescription and dosage instructions is important for the medication’s effectiveness and safety. Naltrexone is most beneficial when combined with behavioral therapies, counseling, and participation in support groups. This integrated approach addresses the psychological aspects of alcohol use disorder, providing strategies and coping mechanisms beyond the medication’s pharmacological effects. The medication can be taken for several months; some research suggests long-term use, potentially beyond three months, is more effective for maintaining recovery.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if considering Naltrexone for alcohol use, to ensure it is appropriate for your health profile and to receive proper guidance. Discuss any existing liver conditions or other medical issues, as Naltrexone is metabolized by the liver and should be used with caution in patients with severe liver disease.
If you experience severe or unexpected side effects after taking Naltrexone, especially if alcohol was consumed, seek medical attention promptly. Open communication with healthcare providers about alcohol consumption patterns and all medications is important for safe and effective treatment. Your doctor can help determine the best course of action and address concerns regarding Naltrexone and its interaction with alcohol.