Dicyclomine (formerly Bentyl) is a prescription medication used primarily to manage symptoms associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). It treats functional bowel disorders and intestinal spasms, which cause painful cramping and discomfort. The drug works by relaxing the muscles in the stomach and intestines to alleviate these painful, colicky spasms.
Administration Timing
Dicyclomine can be taken either with food or on an empty stomach, offering flexibility in dosing. Taking the medication without food may allow for slightly faster absorption, leading to quicker relief from acute spasms. The drug is rapidly absorbed, reaching its peak concentration in the bloodstream approximately 1 to 1.5 hours after an oral dose.
For patients who experience stomach upset, consuming Dicyclomine with food can help minimize gastrointestinal side effects. To target meal-related symptoms, taking the dose 30 to 60 minutes before eating may maximize its benefit. The typical oral dosing schedule is up to four times daily, with doses spaced throughout the day to maintain a consistent therapeutic effect.
How Dicyclomine Works
Dicyclomine is classified as an anticholinergic and antispasmodic drug that targets muscle contractions in the gut. Its primary mechanism involves blocking acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that signals smooth muscle to contract. By inhibiting acetylcholine, Dicyclomine reduces the intensity of muscle spasms and slows the movement of the gastrointestinal tract.
The drug acts as an antagonist on muscarinic receptors located on the smooth muscle cells. This relaxation of the intestinal muscles alleviates the cramping and pain experienced by those with IBS. Because the medication is absorbed quickly, this muscle relaxation can begin to provide symptom relief shortly after dosing.
Safety and Adverse Effects
Patients taking Dicyclomine should be aware of potential side effects related to its anticholinergic properties. Common reactions include dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, constipation, and drowsiness. Individuals should avoid activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until they understand how the drug affects them.
A serious consideration is the risk of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, as Dicyclomine decreases the body’s ability to sweat. This reduced sweating capacity means the body struggles to cool itself effectively, especially in hot weather or during strenuous activity. Patients should avoid excessive heat and stay adequately hydrated while using this medication.
Dicyclomine is contraindicated in patients with certain conditions. These include closed-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, bowel obstruction, or severe ulcerative colitis. Individuals with an enlarged prostate may also experience difficulty with urination due to the drug’s muscle-relaxing effects. Discuss all pre-existing medical conditions with a healthcare provider before beginning treatment.