An ear infection occurs when bacteria or viruses cause inflammation and fluid buildup within the ear, often causing pain and discomfort. This article explores considerations for swimming with an ear infection, particularly regarding ear plugs.
Understanding the Risks of Swimming with an Ear Infection
Swimming with an ear infection is generally not advised due to potential complications, with risks varying based on the type of infection. Otitis externa, or swimmer’s ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal. This infection typically arises when water becomes trapped in the ear canal, creating a moist environment that allows bacteria or fungi to grow. Water can also break down the ear’s natural protective earwax and skin barrier, making the ear more susceptible to infection. Symptoms include pain (often worsened by tugging the outer ear), itching, redness, and sometimes discharge. Swimming with an active case of swimmer’s ear can intensify symptoms, prolong healing, and may lead to complications such as temporary hearing loss or chronic infection.
Middle ear infections (otitis media) affect the air-filled space behind the eardrum. These infections frequently develop after colds or other upper respiratory illnesses, causing fluid to accumulate in the middle ear. Water in the outer ear canal typically does not cause middle ear infections, as they originate from internal respiratory pathogens. However, if the eardrum has a perforation, water entering the middle ear could introduce new bacteria and worsen the infection. Pressure changes associated with swimming or diving can also cause significant pain or further damage to an already compromised eardrum.
The Efficacy of Ear Plugs for Infected Ears
While ear plugs create a physical barrier preventing water from entering the ear canal, their role in managing an existing ear infection is limited. Ear plugs cannot resolve an infection already present. They do not address underlying bacterial or fungal growth, nor do they alleviate issues related to pressure changes in the middle ear.
Using ear plugs with an active outer ear infection can sometimes worsen the condition by trapping moisture, promoting microbial growth. Furthermore, if not kept clean, ear plugs can become a source of bacteria, introducing new pathogens or worsening an existing infection. For these reasons, ear plugs are primarily recommended as a preventive measure for healthy ears to keep water out, rather than a solution for an active infection.
Safe Return to Swimming After an Ear Infection
Returning to swimming after an ear infection requires careful consideration and, ideally, healthcare professional clearance. For swimmer’s ear, individuals should refrain from swimming until 7 to 10 days after pain and drainage have ceased, and a doctor confirms the infection has cleared. Reintroducing water too soon can delay healing or lead to a recurrence of the infection.
In cases of middle ear infections where the eardrum is intact, swimming may be permissible if pain is manageable and there is no fever. However, if there was a perforated eardrum, it must be fully healed before resuming water activities to prevent water from entering the middle ear. A gradual return to swimming, with continued attention to ear hygiene, is prudent.
Preventing Future Ear Infections
Preventing future ear infections, especially for those who frequently engage in water activities, involves several steps. After swimming or showering, thoroughly dry the ears. This can be achieved by tilting the head to allow water to drain, gently drying the outer ear with a towel, or using a hairdryer on its lowest, coolest setting held at least 12 inches away. Over-the-counter ear drying drops can also be used after water exposure to help evaporate moisture, provided there is no perforated eardrum or ear tubes.
Wearing ear plugs designed for swimming can effectively keep water out of healthy ears. Avoid inserting cotton swabs or other objects into the ear canal, as this can damage the delicate skin, push protective earwax deeper, and increase the risk of infection.