The immediate question for anyone wearing a cast is whether they can get it wet, especially when swimming is involved. For the vast majority of traditional casts, the answer is a definitive no, as water exposure severely compromises both the cast and the healing process. While the hard outer shell may seem protective, the soft padding underneath is highly vulnerable to moisture. Modern orthopedic care has introduced options that allow for limited water activities. Determining whether swimming is possible depends entirely on the specific materials used and the nature of your injury.
Understanding Different Cast Materials
A cast’s ability to handle water is determined by the material lining the inside. Traditional casts, whether made from plaster or standard fiberglass, rely on a thick layer of cotton or synthetic-blend padding. This conventional padding readily absorbs water and is designed to stay dry, acting like a sponge that traps moisture.
Specialized waterproof casts permit controlled water exposure. These casts use a conventional fiberglass exterior but feature a specialized synthetic liner made from materials like expanded polytetrafluoroethylene or nylon-based fabrics. This waterproof padding is non-absorbent, allowing water to flow through and around the limb before draining out. The unique properties of these liners, which include brands like Gore-Tex or AquaCast, make showering or swimming a possibility, though they are not suitable for all injuries.
Why Water Damages Traditional Casts
Water compromises the structural integrity of a plaster cast, causing the material to weaken and break down when saturated. Even durable fiberglass casts suffer because the underlying conventional padding stays damp for an extended period.
A chronically damp environment creates ideal conditions for bacterial and fungal growth against the skin, leading to a foul odor and intense itching. Prolonged moisture causes the skin to soften and break down, a condition known as maceration. Macerated skin is highly susceptible to infection, potentially leading to cellulitis or other serious complications that require cast replacement. Additionally, a soaked cast liner may lose its smooth texture, bunching up and creating pressure points that compromise the proper alignment and healing of the injured limb.
Safe Methods for Water Exposure
For individuals with traditional casts, the safest method for water exposure involves specialized cast covers designed to create a watertight seal. These reusable sleeves are made from durable plastic or rubber and employ a vacuum-tested seal to prevent water from reaching the cast during bathing or showering. It is important to confirm the seal is completely intact before use, and full submersion is generally discouraged, even with a cover.
A more comprehensive solution is the application of a fully waterproof cast, which must be approved and applied by a healthcare provider. The fiberglass shell is applied over the synthetic liner, allowing the cast to be submerged in clean, chlorinated water. After swimming, the cast must be thoroughly rinsed with clean water to remove chlorine or debris. It should then be dried by circulating air or using a hairdryer on a cool setting. Even with a waterproof cast, swimming in lakes, oceans, or other natural bodies of water is typically not recommended due to the risk of trapped sediment or bacteria. Should the cast feel damp, smell foul, or cause persistent skin discomfort, contact a medical professional immediately.