Throat numbing spray is an over-the-counter medication designed as a topical anesthetic to temporarily relieve the pain and irritation of a sore throat. It is intended for localized application to the throat’s mucous membranes, not for ingestion. While accidentally swallowing the small amount of mist is generally safe, intentionally consuming the spray or using it in large quantities is strongly discouraged due to potential systemic side effects.
Active Ingredients and Numbing Action
The temporary relief provided by these sprays comes from active ingredients that function as local anesthetics. The two most common components in non-prescription throat sprays are Benzocaine and Phenol. These substances are formulated to work directly on the lining of the throat and mouth.
Benzocaine is a local anesthetic that temporarily blocks the pain pathway, preventing nerve signals from reaching the brain. Phenol operates similarly, acting as a topical anesthetic that numbs the area it contacts. This localized action provides rapid relief because the tissue absorbs the active ingredient almost immediately upon application. The mechanism is intended to interrupt the sensation of pain at the site of irritation.
What Happens If You Swallow the Spray?
The consequence of swallowing the spray depends heavily on the amount ingested and the specific active ingredient. Swallowing small, accidental amounts, such as residue trickling down during proper use, is typically harmless and may only result in a temporary numbing sensation. However, larger quantities can lead to gastrointestinal upset, including stomachache or nausea.
A more serious concern arises from systemic absorption due to overdose or excessive ingestion, particularly with Benzocaine-containing sprays. Benzocaine is associated with the rare but potentially life-threatening condition called Methemoglobinemia. This disorder impairs the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.
Symptoms of Methemoglobinemia can appear within minutes to two hours after using the spray. Signs include pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, and nail beds, indicating oxygen deprivation. Other symptoms include headache, lightheadedness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a rapid heart rate. If these symptoms appear after using a Benzocaine spray, immediate emergency medical attention is necessary.
Swallowing a large amount of Phenol-containing spray is also dangerous and can cause gut irritation or sores. Phenol is a strong chemical and carries a risk of poisoning when swallowed in excess. For any significant accidental swallowing or suspected overdose, individuals should immediately contact a Poison Control Center for guidance.
Guidelines for Safe and Effective Use
To achieve localized pain relief and minimize the risk of swallowing, proper application technique is crucial. The spray should be aimed directly at the back of the throat, targeting the irritated area. To prevent the aerosolized liquid from being drawn into the lungs, hold your breath while depressing the spray nozzle.
After application, the medication should remain in place for 15 to 60 seconds before any excess is spit out. This allows for maximum topical absorption and prevents unnecessary swallowing. Adhering strictly to the recommended dosage on the product label is important.
Most throat sprays recommend limiting use to one or two sprays every two hours, not exceeding eight applications per day. The product is intended only for temporary relief. If a severe sore throat persists or symptoms do not improve within two days, a healthcare professional should be consulted. Children should not use the product without a doctor’s direction and require adult supervision to ensure correct technique.