Basements are generally considered the safest location within a home during a tornado. They provide a below-ground refuge that offers defense against the powerful winds and flying debris associated with tornadoes. While no place offers absolute safety from every tornado, especially the most violent EF-5 category, a basement significantly increases survival chances. Being underground shields occupants from the direct force of the storm and airborne objects, making it the recommended shelter.
Understanding Basement Safety
Being below ground level provides substantial protection from a tornado’s destructive forces. The earth surrounding the basement acts as a natural barrier, shielding occupants from direct wind impacts and the vast majority of flying debris, which can include shattered glass, splintered wood, and even larger objects propelled at high speeds. This subterranean positioning places individuals out of the primary path of the wind and airborne projectiles.
The structural integrity of a basement also contributes to its safety. Basements are typically constructed with reinforced concrete or masonry walls, designed to withstand significant pressure and impacts. The surrounding soil provides stability, buffering the structure from the immense forces. While upper floors might collapse, the basement often remains largely intact due to this earth buffer and its robust construction.
Maximizing Safety Within Your Basement
Once inside a basement during a tornado warning, strategic positioning enhances safety. The safest spot is typically in the interior, away from windows and doors. Seeking shelter under a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a heavy table or workbench, provides an additional layer of protection from falling debris if the structure above is compromised. The space under basement stairs can also offer added protection due to the overhead structure.
Protection from falling debris is important, even when underground. Individuals should cover their head and neck with their arms. Using blankets, pillows, sleeping bags, or mattresses to cover the body can help shield against potential impacts. Staying low to the ground is also important to minimize exposure to any circulating air currents or debris that might enter the basement.
An emergency kit should be readily accessible in the basement. This kit should include a flashlight with extra batteries, a battery-powered or hand-crank weather radio, and a first-aid kit. Non-perishable food, water, and necessary medications should also be included, as rescue efforts might be delayed. A whistle can signal for help if trapped.
Common Basement-Related Hazards
While basements offer protection, certain features can present potential hazards. Walkout basements, with exposed walls and doors at ground level, are more vulnerable than fully subterranean basements. In such cases, seek shelter on the most interior, underground side of the basement, away from the exposed sections. The above-ground portions of partial basements are susceptible to wind forces and flying debris.
Basement windows pose a risk as they can shatter from wind pressure or flying debris. Stay as far away from any windows as possible to minimize injury from broken glass.
Heavy objects on the floor directly above the basement also pose a risk. Appliances like refrigerators, pianos, or large shelving units can fall through a compromised floor if the house structure is severely damaged. Avoid sheltering directly underneath such items. Be mindful of unbolted utilities or appliances like furnaces and water heaters, as they can shift and cause injury. Flooding is also a secondary hazard, especially during severe weather with heavy rainfall.