It is often possible to have a baby even with only one ovary. The human body is remarkably adaptable, and the remaining ovary can frequently compensate for the absence of the other, continuing to perform its reproductive functions. While the journey to conception might involve specific considerations, the presence of a single ovary does not inherently prevent pregnancy.
How a Single Ovary Functions
The remaining ovary can produce eggs and essential hormones. Normally, ovaries take turns releasing an egg each month, but with one ovary, the single ovary typically releases an egg every cycle. This compensation often involves the ovary increasing its activity, sometimes growing larger to enhance its function.
Ovulation, the process of egg production and release, is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), produced by the pituitary gland, play roles. FSH stimulates follicle growth within the ovary, each containing an immature egg, while a surge in LH triggers the final maturation and release of a mature egg. Even with one ovary, these hormonal signals typically enable consistent ovulation and hormone production.
Factors Influencing Fertility with One Ovary
Many elements can influence fertility when only one ovary is present. Age is a significant factor, as ovarian reserve (quantity and quality of remaining eggs) naturally declines over time. This decline may be more pronounced with one ovary, due to a smaller initial egg pool.
The remaining ovary’s health also plays a substantial role. Conditions like endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or scar tissue from previous surgeries can impair its function. Endometriosis, where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, can cause inflammation and scar tissue around the ovaries or fallopian tubes, hindering egg release or transport. PCOS can also affect hormonal balance and ovulation.
The reason for the other ovary’s removal is important. If removed due to severe endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease, the remaining ovary or fallopian tube may also be affected. The patency, or openness, of the fallopian tube connected to the remaining ovary is important for natural conception, as it allows the egg to travel to the uterus.
Considerations for Pregnancy
Once a person with a single ovary decides to try for conception, practical aspects exist. While some studies suggest a lower chance of pregnancy or longer conception time, especially with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF, many individuals successfully achieve pregnancy. The remaining ovary adapts to release an egg each month, maintaining regular menstrual cycles.
Once pregnancy is established, it is not at higher risk solely due to a single ovary. Any pregnancy risks would more likely stem from the reason the other ovary was removed or co-existing health conditions. Early, consistent prenatal care is important to monitor the health of the pregnant individual and developing baby. Tracking ovulation signs, like changes in basal body temperature or cervical mucus, can help identify the fertile window.
Seeking Professional Support
Consulting healthcare professionals, such as a doctor, gynecologist, or fertility specialist, is important when considering pregnancy with one ovary. These specialists can provide personalized advice and conduct assessments. Assessments might include hormonal tests (e.g., AMH for ovarian reserve) and ultrasounds to check the remaining ovary’s health and follicle count.
Fallopian tube patency tests, like a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), may also be performed to ensure free egg travel. Based on evaluations, providers can guide on optimizing natural conception or discuss fertility treatments. Treatments can include ovulation induction with medication or in vitro fertilization (IVF).