It is not possible to directly see your own vocal cords. These structures are located deep within the throat, specifically within the voice box, also known as the larynx. Their small size and position make them inaccessible. Medical professionals use specialized tools and techniques to examine vocal cords.
Understanding Vocal Cords
Vocal cords, also referred to as vocal folds, are two bands of muscle and tissue situated within the larynx (voice box) at the top of the windpipe. They produce sound for speech and singing. When air from the lungs passes through the vocal cords, they vibrate rapidly, creating voice.
These structures appear as pearly white, flat, triangular bands. They open when a person breathes, allowing air to flow freely, and close when speaking or swallowing. Their coordinated movement and vibration are essential for clear vocalization and protecting the airway during swallowing.
Medical Methods for Viewing Vocal Cords
Medical professionals employ various techniques to visualize the vocal cords, primarily through a procedure called laryngoscopy. This involves inserting a thin, lighted instrument for a clear view of the larynx and vocal folds. Indirect laryngoscopy, a common method, uses a small mirror placed at the back of the throat to reflect an image of the vocal cords. It is often quick and performed in an office setting.
For a more detailed examination, direct laryngoscopy uses an endoscope. Flexible laryngoscopy uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera passed through the nose and down into the throat. This allows the patient to speak or sing during the examination, assessing vocal cord movement in real-time. Rigid laryngoscopy uses a straight, rigid telescope inserted through the mouth, providing a magnified view, though the patient cannot vocalize.
These endoscopic procedures allow detailed visualization and sometimes incorporate videostroboscopy, which uses a flashing light synchronized with vocal cord vibration. This specialized lighting makes rapid vibrations appear in slow motion, enabling observation of subtle movement abnormalities missed with standard light. These examinations are well-tolerated, often with a local anesthetic spray to minimize discomfort.
Common Reasons for Vocal Cord Examination
Vocal cord examination is often prompted by persistent voice changes. Hoarseness, a common symptom, indicates an underlying vocal fold issue. Other voice changes, such as breathiness, reduced vocal range, or difficulty projecting sound, may also necessitate evaluation.
Beyond voice alterations, a vocal cord examination might be recommended for symptoms like chronic cough, throat pain, or difficulty swallowing. These symptoms can be linked to problems within the larynx or vocal cords. The examination also investigates suspected growths or lesions like nodules, polyps, or cysts, which can affect vocal cord function. Early detection of these conditions is a benefit of timely examination.
What Healthy and Unhealthy Vocal Cords Look Like
Healthy vocal cords appear smooth, pearly white, and symmetrical. During vibration, they come together completely and move in a fluid, wave-like motion. Their surface should be free of any visible bumps, redness, or irregularities, reflecting normal function and tissue integrity.
In contrast, unhealthy vocal cords can exhibit a range of visual abnormalities depending on the condition. Vocal nodules (or “singer’s nodes”) appear as small, callous-like bumps on both vocal cords, hindering complete closure. Vocal polyps are larger, often reddish, and may appear like a blister on one vocal cord. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs beneath the surface, causing a localized bulge. Inflammation, such as laryngitis, makes vocal cords appear red and swollen, impairing their ability to vibrate properly. These visual cues help medical professionals diagnose specific conditions and guide appropriate treatment.