Yes, ovaries can generally be seen on an ultrasound, a common and non-invasive medical imaging technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of internal organs, providing a safe and widely used way to visualize the pelvic structures. An ultrasound allows healthcare providers to assess the size, shape, and appearance of the ovaries.
Methods for Visualizing Ovaries
Two primary methods are used to visualize the ovaries: transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. For a transabdominal ultrasound, a transducer is moved across the lower abdomen after gel is applied. Sound waves travel through the abdominal wall to the pelvic organs, and echoes create images. This non-invasive method provides a broader view of the pelvic region.
A transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a thin, lubricated transducer directly into the vagina. This technique offers closer proximity to the ovaries, resulting in higher resolution and more detailed images than the transabdominal approach. During a transvaginal scan, the patient typically lies on an examination table with knees bent, similar to a pelvic exam. While transabdominal scans provide a wider field of view, the transvaginal method is often preferred for a more precise evaluation due to its superior image clarity.
Factors Affecting Ovarian Visibility
Several factors can influence how clearly ovaries are seen during an ultrasound. A higher body mass index (BMI) can make visualization challenging because adipose tissue attenuates sound waves, reducing image clarity. Bowel gas is another common obstacle, as it reflects sound waves, creating shadows and obscuring organs. Sonographers may attempt gentle pressure to reposition bowel gas, but it can still hinder a clear view.
The position of the uterus or other pelvic organs can also affect ovarian visibility by blocking the sound path. Ovarian size also plays a role; very small ovaries, common in post-menopausal women, can be difficult to locate. Conversely, very large pathological ovaries might exceed the field of view, making comprehensive assessment challenging. The sonographer’s skill and experience significantly impact image quality and identification.
Interpreting Ovarian Ultrasound Findings
Medical professionals interpret ovarian ultrasound images to assess ovarian health. Normally, ovaries appear as almond-shaped structures, typically measuring around 3.5 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm in premenopausal women. In women of reproductive age, normal ovaries show multiple small, fluid-filled follicles. During the menstrual cycle, one follicle usually grows larger to become a dominant follicle, typically measuring between 17-24 mm before ovulation.
Ultrasound can reveal various common findings. Ovarian cysts, fluid-filled sacs, are frequently observed and can range from simple follicular cysts to more complex ones with internal debris or solid components. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often presents with enlarged ovaries and 12 or more small follicles (2-9 mm) arranged peripherally, sometimes described as a “string of pearls” appearance. Other findings include solid masses, requiring further evaluation.
Preparing for an Ovarian Ultrasound
Proper preparation helps ensure clear images. For a transabdominal ultrasound, a full bladder is typically necessary. Drinking about 24 to 32 ounces of clear, non-alcoholic fluid approximately one hour before the appointment helps fill the bladder, which lifts the intestines and provides a clearer view of the pelvic organs. For a transvaginal ultrasound, the bladder should be empty just before the procedure.
The sonographer applies gel for transabdominal scans or lubricates the transvaginal transducer. The ultrasound typically takes 15 to 30 minutes. While generally painless, some mild discomfort or pressure may be experienced during the scan.