Head lice are tiny insects that live on the human scalp. While visible to the naked eye, their small size, quick movements, and ability to blend into hair can make detection challenging. Knowing what to look for and how to conduct a thorough check can increase the likelihood of finding them.
Understanding Adult Lice
Adult head lice are small, wingless insects, typically measuring about 2 to 3 millimeters in length, roughly the size of a sesame seed. They have a flattened, oval-shaped body and six legs, each equipped with claws designed to firmly grasp individual hair strands. These adaptations enable them to cling tightly to hair and move rapidly along the hair shaft.
The color of adult lice varies, generally appearing tan or grayish-white. After feeding on blood, their bodies may take on a reddish hue. These insects are fast crawlers and actively avoid light, making them difficult to locate. Their small size and translucent nature allow them to remain hidden within dense hair.
Identifying Lice Eggs (Nits)
Lice eggs, commonly known as nits, are even smaller than adult lice, measuring approximately 0.8 to 1 millimeter. They are oval or teardrop-shaped and are firmly attached to individual hair strands with a strong, glue-like substance secreted by the female louse. Nits are found close to the scalp, usually within 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) of the base of the hair shaft, where the warmth aids in their development.
Their color ranges from yellowish-white, tan, or brown before hatching, often blending with hair color. After hatching, the remaining shell becomes clear or whitish and stays glued to the hair shaft, moving away from the scalp as hair grows. Unlike dandruff or other debris, nits are firmly attached and cannot be easily brushed or flicked off.
Practical Detection Tips
Detecting head lice requires a systematic approach and specific tools to overcome their small size and evasive nature. Using bright lighting is beneficial, as it illuminates the hair and scalp, making it easier to spot both lice and nits. A magnifying glass can aid in identifying these tiny organisms, providing a clearer view of their characteristics.
A fine-toothed comb, often referred to as a “nit comb,” is an effective tool for a thorough inspection. Begin by wetting the hair, as this can temporarily stun lice, making them less mobile and easier to see. Work through the hair in small sections, starting from the scalp and slowly combing outward to the ends of the hair. Pay particular attention to areas behind the ears and at the nape of the neck, as these are common sites for lice and nits. After each comb stroke, wipe the comb on a paper towel or tissue to examine any collected debris for signs of lice or nits.