Gum recession is a common dental condition where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth’s surface or its root. This can create spaces between the teeth and the gum line, making it easier for bacteria to accumulate. If left unaddressed, gum recession can lead to sensitivity, increased risk of decay, and potentially tooth loss.
Understanding Gum Recession
Several factors contribute to the development of gum recession. Aggressive brushing, characterized by applying too much force or using a hard-bristled toothbrush, can physically wear away gum tissue over time. Poor oral hygiene allows plaque to harden into tartar, a calcified substance that irritates gums and causes them to pull away from the teeth.
Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection affecting the gums and supporting bone, is a leading cause of recession. These infections destroy the tissues that hold teeth in place, leading to gum detachment and bone loss. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, with some individuals being more susceptible to gum disease and thinner gum tissue, even with good oral care.
Other contributing factors include tobacco use, which can damage gum tissue and reduce blood flow, making gums more vulnerable to infection and recession. The chemicals in tobacco create an environment conducive to tartar buildup and hinder the gums’ ability to heal. Misaligned teeth or an uneven bite can place excessive force on certain areas of the gums and bone, causing them to recede. Teeth grinding or clenching, known as bruxism, can exert continuous pressure on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and eventual gum recession.
The Possibility of Reversal
Naturally lost gum tissue does not grow back on its own. The tissue lacks the inherent regenerative capacity to spontaneously re-grow and cover exposed root surfaces.
While lost tissue cannot regenerate naturally, dental interventions can halt the progression of recession and, in many cases, restore gum tissue through surgical procedures. Treatments aim to prevent further damage and cover exposed root surfaces to improve oral health and aesthetics.
Treatment Approaches
Professional dental treatments for receding gums encompass both non-surgical and surgical options, depending on the severity and underlying causes.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Non-surgical treatments primarily focus on addressing gum disease and plaque buildup. Scaling and root planing, a deep dental cleaning procedure, involves removing plaque and tartar from below the gum line and smoothing the tooth root surfaces. This process helps eliminate harmful bacteria and allows the gum tissue to reattach more effectively.
In some cases, topical or oral antibiotics may be used to reduce bacterial infection and inflammation. Dental bonding can also be applied to cover exposed root surfaces, improving appearance and reducing sensitivity.
Surgical Treatments
For more significant gum recession, surgical interventions are often recommended. Gum graft surgery is a common and effective method to cover exposed tooth roots and add volume to the gum line. During this procedure, a periodontist takes gum tissue from another area of the mouth (typically the roof) or uses donor tissue to cover the receded area.
There are several types of gum grafting procedures. A connective tissue graft, the most common, uses tissue from beneath the roof of the mouth. A free gingival graft takes tissue directly from the roof of the mouth. A pedicle graft uses tissue from the gum adjacent to the receded area, maintaining its blood supply. These surgical approaches aim to reduce sensitivity, protect tooth roots from decay, and improve the overall appearance of the smile.
Preventing Future Recession
Preventing further gum recession involves adopting consistent and proper oral hygiene practices. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and employing gentle, circular motions, rather than aggressive scrubbing, is crucial to avoid damaging gum tissue. The brush should be held at a 45-degree angle to the gum line to effectively clean both the tooth surface and just below the gum. Daily flossing removes plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gum line, areas a toothbrush might miss.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important for monitoring gum health and removing hardened plaque (tartar) that cannot be eliminated by brushing alone. Addressing underlying issues, such as bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching), can also prevent recession. Custom-fitted mouthguards, especially for nighttime use, can protect teeth and gums from excessive force.
If misaligned teeth contribute to the problem, orthodontic treatment may be recommended to align teeth properly and reduce uneven pressure on the gums. Additionally, avoiding tobacco products is highly recommended, as they significantly increase the risk of gum disease and recession.