Catnip, a common herb belonging to the mint family, is widely recognized for its distinctive and often amusing effects on felines. This plant, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, has intrigued both pet owners and scientists due to its peculiar influence on animal behavior. While its impact on cats is well-documented, many wonder about its properties and whether it holds similar sway over humans.
Understanding Catnip’s Effects on Cats
When cats encounter catnip, many exhibit characteristic behaviors like sniffing, licking, chewing, and rubbing. Some become highly energetic, displaying increased playfulness, rolling, or vocalization. If ingested, catnip can lead to a more mellow and relaxed state in some felines.
Not all cats react to catnip; sensitivity is a genetically determined trait. Approximately 70% to 80% of domestic cats exhibit a behavioral response, while 20% to 30% show no reaction. Kittens typically do not respond until three to six months old, as this inherited trait emerges later. The effects usually last about 10 minutes, followed by a refractory period of around an hour during which the cat is temporarily immune to further stimulation.
The Science Behind Catnip’s Influence
The active compound responsible for catnip’s effects on felines is nepetalactone, a volatile oil found in the plant. When cats inhale nepetalactone, it binds to protein receptors in their nasal tissue. This triggers sensory neurons, sending signals to the brain’s olfactory bulb, amygdala (emotional responses), and hypothalamus (behavioral reactions).
Nepetalactone’s effect on cats is believed to mimic feline sex pheromones, leading to observed behavioral and physiological responses. This interaction with the feline olfactory system results in euphoric and playful behaviors. The exact mechanism is still under investigation, but it involves the release of endorphins, natural opioids, suggesting a pathway similar to how morphine affects the brain.
Catnip and Human Interaction
Despite its potent effects on cats, catnip does not produce a psychoactive “high” in humans comparable to recreational drugs. While some historical accounts from the 1960s suggested hallucinogenic effects from smoking catnip, these claims are largely unsubstantiated. Humans do not possess the same receptor structures as felines that respond to nepetalactone in a similar way.
Catnip has a long history of use in traditional herbal remedies for humans, though its effects are much milder. It has been traditionally consumed as a tea for its mild sedative properties, promoting relaxation and aiding sleep. The herb is also believed to help with digestive issues, such as stomach upset, gas, and cramps, and has been used for cold and flu symptoms. However, scientific research on catnip’s effects in humans is limited.
Safety Considerations
Catnip is considered safe for most adults when consumed in moderate amounts, typically as a tea. However, consuming large quantities can lead to mild side effects such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, or stomach upset. Some individuals may also experience drowsiness or mild sedation, so caution is advised before driving or operating machinery.
Certain individuals should avoid catnip. It is not recommended for pregnant or nursing individuals, as it may stimulate uterine contractions and could potentially cause miscarriage. Children should also avoid catnip due to a reported case of central nervous system depression after consuming a large amount. Those with pelvic inflammatory disease or heavy menstrual periods should avoid it, as catnip might worsen these conditions. Individuals taking sedatives or other medications that affect the nervous system should consult a healthcare professional before using catnip due to potential interactions.