Hydrocortisone is a common over-the-counter (OTC) medication used to alleviate skin irritations. It is a mild corticosteroid designed to reduce inflammation, itching, and redness. This medication works by acting on skin cells to stop the release of substances that cause inflammation. Its use in the sensitive perianal area is a frequent consideration for discomfort.
Conditions Hydrocortisone Addresses
Hydrocortisone creams are commonly used to address specific perianal conditions that cause itching, irritation, and inflammation. One primary use is for hemorrhoids, particularly to relieve the associated itching, swelling, and pain. It helps to calm the inflamed tissues around the anus, providing temporary relief from discomfort.
Another common application is for pruritus ani, which is anal itching not necessarily caused by hemorrhoids. This can stem from various non-infectious factors, including skin conditions like mild dermatitis or eczema in the perianal region. Hydrocortisone’s anti-inflammatory and anti-itch properties soothe irritated skin by reducing the body’s immune response, lessening symptoms like redness, swelling, and itching.
Applying Hydrocortisone Safely
Applying hydrocortisone cream to the perianal area requires careful attention to hygiene and proper technique. Before application, the affected area should be cleaned gently with mild soap and water, then rinsed well and patted dry. A thin layer of the cream should be applied to the irritated skin, typically two to four times daily, or as directed by the product label or a healthcare professional. For external hemorrhoids or general itching, the cream is applied around the outside of the anus.
It is important to use hydrocortisone for a short duration, generally no more than seven days for over-the-counter strengths, as prolonged use can lead to side effects like skin thinning or increased fragility. Avoid using the cream on open wounds, broken skin, or if an infection (bacterial, fungal, or viral) is suspected, as hydrocortisone can sometimes worsen infections. Always wash hands thoroughly before and after applying the cream.
When to Consult a Doctor
While over-the-counter hydrocortisone can offer temporary relief, it is important to know when professional medical advice is necessary. You should consult a doctor if your symptoms do not improve within a few days, typically after seven days of use, or if they worsen. Persistent or severe pain, bleeding, pus, or fever accompanying the perianal discomfort are also signs that require immediate medical attention.
Consult a doctor if you suspect an infection, as hydrocortisone only addresses symptoms and not the underlying cause of certain conditions. If you are unsure about the cause of your symptoms, a healthcare provider can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.