Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by intense itching, dryness, and inflamed patches. The condition involves a compromised skin barrier, making the skin more susceptible to irritants, allergens, and bacterial colonization. Given the limitations and side effects associated with conventional treatments, many people seek complementary therapies. This raises the question of whether honey can be used as an effective topical treatment for eczema. This article explores the scientific basis, dermatological perspective, safe application methods, and necessary precautions for managing eczema symptoms with honey.
The Therapeutic Properties of Honey
Honey is a complex natural substance with biological properties that suggest a potential benefit for irritated skin. Its ability to fight microbes is primarily due to a high sugar content, which creates an osmotic effect that inhibits bacterial growth by drawing water out of cells. The natural acidity of honey, typically pH 3.2 to 4.5, further contributes to this antimicrobial environment.
A significant antibacterial mechanism is the slow release of hydrogen peroxide, produced when the bee enzyme glucose oxidase reacts with glucose and oxygen. Manuka honey, in particular, contains high levels of methylglyoxal (MGO), a non-peroxide compound that gives it potent antibacterial activity. This activity is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, a common colonizer of eczematous skin.
Honey also possesses anti-inflammatory capabilities stemming from its rich composition of antioxidant compounds, including flavonoids and polyphenols. These antioxidants modulate the skin’s immune response by downregulating pro-inflammatory chemicals, providing a soothing effect on irritated patches. Furthermore, honey functions as a natural humectant, drawing moisture from the environment into the skin. By locking in hydration and forming a protective film, honey helps restore the compromised skin barrier, which is essential for managing atopic dermatitis.
Dermatological Views on Honey for Eczema
Dermatologists view medical-grade honey, particularly Manuka honey, as a promising complementary therapy rather than a primary replacement for prescribed medications. Clinical studies have investigated its effects on eczema symptoms, often focusing on reducing inflammation and secondary infection. One pilot study observed that when applied overnight to bilateral eczema lesions, Manuka honey significantly improved the severity score of the treated areas compared to the untreated control side after one week.
The anti-inflammatory action is supported by findings that Manuka honey can inhibit mast cell degranulation, a process that releases histamine and contributes to the intense itching and redness of an eczema flare. For the 70% to 90% of eczema patients who experience colonization of Staphylococcus aureus, the strong antibacterial action of Manuka honey is relevant for preventing or clearing secondary skin infection.
While evidence suggests a positive role in reducing redness, scaling, and itching, honey is not recommended as a substitute for first-line treatments like topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. It is best integrated into a comprehensive skin care plan to support barrier repair and manage mild to moderate flares. Further large-scale studies are needed to establish its place in standard dermatological practice for atopic dermatitis.
Safe Application Methods and Honey Selection
To safely use honey for eczema, the choice of product is paramount, as not all honey is suitable for topical medical application. It is recommended to use medical-grade Manuka honey, which is sterilized and tested for its antibacterial potency, often indicated by a high Unique Manuka Factor (UMF) or Methylglyoxal (MGO) rating. Standard supermarket honey is insufficient, as it lacks consistent potency and may contain contaminants.
Before applying honey to a widespread area, a small patch test should be performed on a discreet patch of unaffected skin to check for adverse reactions. Apply a thin layer of the medical-grade honey directly to the affected eczema patch. To prevent the sticky residue from transferring, the area should be covered with a clean, breathable dressing or gauze.
The honey should be left on the skin for at least 20 minutes, though some protocols suggest leaving it on overnight for maximum benefit. After the treatment period, the skin should be gently rinsed with lukewarm water and patted dry. This process can be repeated daily, particularly during a flare-up, to help soothe and protect the skin.
Critical Safety Warnings and Contraindications
The most serious contraindication involves the use of honey on infants under the age of one year. Honey can contain spores of Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which, if ingested, can cause infant botulism in babies whose digestive systems are not mature enough to neutralize the spores. Experts advise caution against using unformulated honey on an infant’s skin due to the possibility of accidental ingestion or transfer.
Individuals with known allergies to pollen, celery, or bee venom should exercise caution, as honey can contain trace amounts of pollen that may trigger an allergic reaction. Signs of a topical allergic reaction include increased redness, swelling, hives, or a rash that extends beyond the application area.
Honey can also cause irritation or a mild stinging sensation, particularly when applied to open, weeping, or severely cracked eczema lesions. If the skin shows signs of a worsening infection, such as increased warmth, pus, or persistent fever, the use of honey should be immediately discontinued. Any worsening of symptoms or development of new, severe irritation warrants seeking professional medical advice.