A bleach bath is a therapeutic treatment that involves adding a highly diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in household bleach, to bath water. The purpose of this practice is to expose the skin to a low concentration of chlorine that is strong enough to have a medicinal effect. While this technique is considered safe and effective when performed correctly, it requires strict adherence to precise dilution guidelines. This method is often recommended by medical professionals as an adjunctive treatment for certain skin conditions.
The Therapeutic Purpose of Bleach Baths
The primary medical reason for using a bleach bath is to leverage the powerful antimicrobial properties of diluted sodium hypochlorite to reduce the number of bacteria on the skin’s surface. Dermatologists often recommend this approach for individuals dealing with moderate to severe eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis. Eczema-affected skin frequently becomes colonized by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which can worsen inflammation and lead to secondary skin infections. By decreasing this bacterial load, the treatment helps to lessen the severity of eczema symptoms and can potentially reduce the need for topical or oral antibiotics. The concentration of chlorine in the final bath water is comparable to the amount found in a public swimming pool.
Critical Safety Precautions and Concentration Limits
Improper use of bleach baths carries significant risks, including chemical burns, severe skin irritation, and respiratory problems. It is imperative to use only standard, plain household bleach that has a sodium hypochlorite concentration between 4.2% and 8.25%. Never use concentrated, scented, splash-less, or gel varieties, as these contain additives or higher concentrations that make them unsafe for skin contact. The correct final concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the bath water must be extremely low, typically aiming for approximately 0.005%.
The bathroom must be well-ventilated during the bath to prevent the buildup of chlorine fumes, which can irritate the lungs and airways. Never mix the bleach with any other substances, especially ammonia, vinegar, or other acids, as this can instantly produce toxic chlorine gas. If the skin has many open cuts, deep fissures, or large areas of broken skin, a physician should be consulted before proceeding, as the bath may cause stinging and burning.
Proper Preparation and Bathing Procedure
Dilution Guidelines
For a standard 40-gallon bathtub filled with lukewarm water, the recommended amount is typically one-quarter (1/4) to one-half (1/2) cup of 5–6% household bleach. If the bleach concentration is higher, such as 8.25%, a slightly smaller amount, about one-third (1/3) cup, should be used for the same volume of water. After adding the measured bleach to the tub, the water should be mixed thoroughly to ensure even distribution of the sodium hypochlorite before soaking.
Bathing Procedure
The recommended duration for soaking in the diluted solution is short, generally between five and ten minutes, and the head should never be submerged. Upon completing the soak, drain the tub and rinse the entire body completely with fresh, plain, lukewarm water to remove any residual chlorine from the skin. The skin should then be gently patted dry with a soft towel, avoiding any rubbing or vigorous action.
Post-Bath Care
Immediately following the bath, prescribed topical medications or a generous amount of moisturizer should be applied to the skin to lock in moisture and counteract any potential drying effects of the bleach. Bleach baths are generally repeated two to three times per week, or as specifically directed by a healthcare provider.